CAJ | 학술논문

目的：了解北京市海淀区市售食用菌中几种重金属的污染状况以及该区域居民对于食用菌重金属污染的知识、态度和购买及摄取行为。方法2014年12月，采集海淀区大中型超市和农贸市场在售的香菇和木耳样品，微波消解后采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法，检测铜、铅、镉、砷、汞5种重金属元素在香菇和木耳中的含量以获得北京市这两种市售食用菌重金属污染状况。同时使用自制问卷，通过偶遇调查法了解海淀区部分居民对于食用菌重金属污染的知、信、行情况。结果福建产木耳As超标，为2.407μg/g；北京鲜香菇、北京干香菇及福建干香菇镉含量超标，分别为0.793μg/g、0.648μg/g和0.630μg/g；其余检测结果均符合国家标准。问卷调查发现，被调查者中，对于食用菌可能存在重金属污染的知晓率为32.1%，是否知晓与学历高低有关， P值<0.05。女性过去一个月吃木耳的频率比男性高(P<0.05)，但每次吃的量比男性少(P<0.05)。结论北京市海淀区市售正规两种食用菌产品重金属污染风险较低，食用较为安全。居民重金属污染知晓率尚低，食品安全意识有待提高。
목적：료해북경시해정구시수식용균중궤충중금속적오염상황이급해구역거민대우식용균중금속오염적지식、태도화구매급섭취행위。방법2014년12월，채집해정구대중형초시화농무시장재수적향고화목이양품，미파소해후채용전감우합등리자체질보법，검측동、연、력、신、홍5충중금속원소재향고화목이중적함량이획득북경시저량충시수식용균중금속오염상황。동시사용자제문권，통과우우조사법료해해정구부분거민대우식용균중금속오염적지、신、행정황。결과복건산목이As초표，위2.407μg/g；북경선향고、북경간향고급복건간향고력함량초표，분별위0.793μg/g、0.648μg/g화0.630μg/g；기여검측결과균부합국가표준。문권조사발현，피조사자중，대우식용균가능존재중금속오염적지효솔위32.1%，시부지효여학력고저유관， P치<0.05。녀성과거일개월흘목이적빈솔비남성고(P<0.05)，단매차흘적량비남성소(P<0.05)。결론북경시해정구시수정규량충식용균산품중금속오염풍험교저，식용교위안전。거민중금속오염지효솔상저，식품안전의식유대제고。
Objective To detect the heavy metal content in 2 kinds of edible fungi (A. auricula, and L. edodes) sold in Haidian district, Beijing, and to investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of residents on potential heavy metal pollution of edible fungi. Methods In December 2014, samples of 2 kinds of edible fungi were collected in supermarkets and farmer’s markets to detect the content of copper, lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and the KAP of residents in Haidian District on potential heavy metal pollution of edible fungi was assessed using self-administered questionnaire. Results Dried A. auricula from Fujian contained excessive amounts of arsenic (2.407 μg/g), fresh Beijing L. edodes, dried L. edodes from Beijing and Fujian contained excessive amounts of cadmium (0.793μg/g, 0.648μg/g and 0.630μg/g, respectively). Other results were in accordance with national standards. The results of KAP survey showed that only 32.1% residents had the knowledge of potential heavy metal pollution in edible fungi, which showed an educational level related (P<0.05). The frequency of female eating A. auriculain in the past month was higher than that of male (P<0.05), however the amount that female eating each time was less than that of male (P<0.05). Conclusion A. auriculain and L. edodes sold in formal markets in Haidian district had a relatively low risk of heavy metal pollution. While the residents still had less knowledge of the potential pollution in edible fungi, which needed to be improved.