CAJ | 학술논문

上古汉语被动句极少见，被动句式仅现一二，但意念型的被动句已出现，在经典语录体《论语》著作中有较集中体现。论文具体诠释《论语》中每例“可谓”“可”和“可以”具有表被动的语义功能，并且从深层次上分析说明“可”表被动的原因所在，是由“可”语义决定，并受上古汉语特定语法发展阶段以及语录体语用功能影响。从历时角度分析“可”“可以”的语义演变过程，列举的英文词汇仅以说明“可”表“被动”的语义普遍性。
상고한어피동구겁소견，피동구식부현일이，단의념형적피동구이출현，재경전어록체《론어》저작중유교집중체현。논문구체전석《론어》중매례“가위”“가”화“가이”구유표피동적어의공능，병차종심층차상분석설명“가”표피동적원인소재，시유“가”어의결정，병수상고한어특정어법발전계단이급어록체어용공능영향。종력시각도분석“가”“가이”적어의연변과정，열거적영문사회부이설명“가”표“피동”적어의보편성。
Passive sentences are rare to be found in ancient Chinese ,with only one or two passive pat-terns ,but the idea of passiveness has appeared ,which is embodied in the classic quotation The A nalects o f Con f ucius .The paper explains the passive semantic function of "可谓","可","可以"in The A nalects ,and makes a deep analysis of the reasons why the "可"s can be used to express passiveness―――it is decided by its semantic meanings and influenced by specific grammatical development stage of ancient Chinese and the prag-matic function of quotations .Diachronically ,the paper analyzes the semantic evolution of "可"and"可以", with some English words to illustrate the semantic universality of the passiveness of "可".