CAJ | 학술논문

输血疗法并不是完全没有风险的。目前，在输血过程中通过血液传播艾滋病和肝炎的风险已经减少，但由于输血所带来的重要危害仍然存在。细菌性败血症是发达国家输血带来的最常见的危害，这种危害往往是比疾病本身更加严重，往往是致命的，所以，不必要的输血行为应当避免。当患者需要输血，医院应与患者之间签订输血协议，这些协议的严格执行会在一定程度上降低死亡率，改善与患者沟通和方便为患者提供足够的血液制品。医院更应该建立一只包括多学科参与的团队，为患者使用血液制剂制定指导方针。虽然新鲜冰冻血浆中红细胞和血小板的红细胞比率≥1：2，患者接受大量输血的死亡率会因此降低，但是还没有足够的证据来推荐特定的比率。研究发现重组活化因子VII在经过常规的治疗措施未能控制出血，但可以成为一个紧急的治疗方案，同时应当加强术前血容量与凝血功能的管理与治疗，减少术中自体血液的浪费。血液制品的贮存有一定的有效期，为了提高患者的预后应当在贮存血的有效期内尽量输注新鲜血液。
수혈요법병불시완전몰유풍험적。목전，재수혈과정중통과혈액전파애자병화간염적풍험이경감소，단유우수혈소대래적중요위해잉연존재。세균성패혈증시발체국가수혈대래적최상견적위해，저충위해왕왕시비질병본신경가엄중，왕왕시치명적，소이，불필요적수혈행위응당피면。당환자수요수혈，의원응여환자지간첨정수혈협의，저사협의적엄격집행회재일정정도상강저사망솔，개선여환자구통화방편위환자제공족구적혈액제품。의원경응해건립일지포괄다학과삼여적단대，위환자사용혈액제제제정지도방침。수연신선빙동혈장중홍세포화혈소판적홍세포비솔≥1：2，환자접수대량수혈적사망솔회인차강저，단시환몰유족구적증거래추천특정적비솔。연구발현중조활화인자VII재경과상규적치료조시미능공제출혈，단가이성위일개긴급적치료방안，동시응당가강술전혈용량여응혈공능적관리여치료，감소술중자체혈액적낭비。혈액제품적저존유일정적유효기，위료제고환자적예후응당재저존혈적유효기내진량수주신선혈액。
Transfusion is not entirely without risk. At present,the risk of HIV and hepatitis during blood transfusion has been reduced,but there are important hazards because of blood transfusion,sepsis bacterial is the most common hazard during the blood transfusion in developed countries, this hazard is often more serious and fatal than the disease itself,therefore,unnecessary transfusions behavior should be avoided,when a patient needs blood transfusion,the hospital should sign an agreement between the patient and the hospital,the implementation of these agreements should be strict,it will reduce the mortality rate in a certain extent and improve communication with patients and facilitate the provision ofadequate blood products for the patients,hospital should establish a multidisciplinary team and guidelines for patients to use blood products. Although fresh frozen plasma and platelets in the RBC ratio of≥1:2,patients receiving massive transfusions of mortality will thus reduced, but there is not enough evidence to recommend a specific ratio,recombinant activated factor VII was found failed to control the bleeding after conventional treatments,but it can become an emergency treatment,at the same time we should strengthen the management and treatment of preoperative blood volume and blood coagulation,reduce waste intraoperative autologous blood,storage of blood products have a certain duration,we should use fresh blood in the stored blood of validity in order to improve the prognosis of patients.