CAJ | 학술논문

在汽车发生正面碰撞时，后排乘员由于惯性向前移动，十分容易与前排座椅发生二次碰撞而造成伤害.为了在轿车正碰时减小后排乘员与前排座椅发生碰撞时造成的损伤，本文提出一种基于前排座椅参数的优化方法.以提高正面碰撞中轿车后排乘员安全性为目标，根据2012年版中国新车评价规程[ C-NCAP管理规则(2012年版)]的要求，以后排5百分位女性假人为研究对象，研究两排座轿车前排座椅参数对后排乘员的防护效果.在MADYMO软件中建立轿车后排乘员正碰数学模型，并用实车试验进行验证，在此基础上，分析了前排座椅头枕参数中的头枕水平距离和头枕刚度，以及前排座椅靠背参数中的靠背刚度、靠背距离、靠背倾角和靠背坐垫连接铰刚度这6个主要因素对后排乘员保护效果的影响.采用灵敏度分析的方法探寻对于后排乘员安全性影响最为显著的因素，并使用正交试验的理论，对这几项因素进行综合优化，得到最佳匹配方案.优化设计结果使正面碰撞时后排乘员伤害最严重的头部伤害值HIC降低了25.26%，左大腿力和右大腿力分别下降了13.67%和14.33%，完全伤害指标WIC值降低17.91%，优化效果显著，可以为今后轿车前排座椅设计提供参考.
재기차발생정면팽당시，후배승원유우관성향전이동，십분용역여전배좌의발생이차팽당이조성상해.위료재교차정팽시감소후배승원여전배좌의발생팽당시조성적손상，본문제출일충기우전배좌의삼수적우화방법.이제고정면팽당중교차후배승원안전성위목표，근거2012년판중국신차평개규정[ C-NCAP관리규칙(2012년판)]적요구，이후배5백분위녀성가인위연구대상，연구량배좌교차전배좌의삼수대후배승원적방호효과.재MADYMO연건중건립교차후배승원정팽수학모형，병용실차시험진행험증，재차기출상，분석료전배좌의두침삼수중적두침수평거리화두침강도，이급전배좌의고배삼수중적고배강도、고배거리、고배경각화고배좌점련접교강도저6개주요인소대후배승원보호효과적영향.채용령민도분석적방법탐심대우후배승원안전성영향최위현저적인소，병사용정교시험적이론，대저궤항인소진행종합우화，득도최가필배방안.우화설계결과사정면팽당시후배승원상해최엄중적두부상해치HIC강저료25.26%，좌대퇴력화우대퇴력분별하강료13.67%화14.33%，완전상해지표WIC치강저17.91%，우화효과현저，가이위금후교차전배좌의설계제공삼고.
In vehicle frontal impact, the rear occupant head is easily impacting on the front seat headrest, and other parts of the occupant are easily impacting on the front seatback due to the iner-tia. In order to reduce the injury of the rear seat occupant while they run into the front seat back in frontal crash,an optimization method of front seat parameters is studied. In order to improve the rear seat passenger safety in frontal impact, a 5% dummy is put on the rear seat to study the influence of car front seat design parameters on rear seat passenger injury according to China New Car Assess-ment Programme 2012 [ C-NCAP Management Regulation ( 2012 edition ) ] , the car contains two rows of seats. A rear seat passenger constraint system model for frontal crash is set up by using soft-ware MADYMO based on the vehicle experiment and the model is validated by test according to ap-propriate processes. Based on the validated model, parameter sensitivity analysis, orthogonal experi-ment design and optimization are performed. The results show that the rear occupant Head Injury Criterion ( HIC ) decreased by 25. 26%, the left thigh force and the right thigh force reduced 13. 67% and 14. 33% respectively, and the WIC ( Weighted Injury Criterion ) value decreased 17. 91%. This can provide a reference for car front seat design.