CAJ | 학술논문

为深入了解生物柴油树种无患子（ Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn．）的生长习性，给无患子的整形修剪、花果调控及其它集约培育技术提供理论依据，采用全年追踪、固定花序和果序标记观察、光照度测定等方法对其物候、开花结果习性、结果枝组分类、花序光照度等主要生物学特性进行了研究。结果表明：无患子物候期分休眠期、萌动期、初花期、盛花期、末花期、初果期、果实膨大期、果实成熟期等关键时期；无患子在福建建宁春季大于10℃的日均温8～10 d后开始进入萌动期，在大于18℃后开始抽生出花序，在大于22℃后进入初花期；并且重要花期处于当地降雨量较高时期，会影响花粉活力和受精能力，使果实坐果不稳；无患子的花有可孕花及不可孕花之分，并存在于同一花序上，盛花期时可孕花占（30±3）％、不可孕花占（70±3）％；不可孕花数量在盛花期达到最高点，到达末花期几乎完全脱落，可孕花在末花期到初果期落花率高达49．02％；坐果后，初果期到果实膨大期的落果率高达72．74％，之后坐果便保持稳定；无患子花序为圆锥花序，一个子房成熟后可分离出1～4个果，果实偏大的为心脏形，偏小的为近圆形；无患子结果枝可分为短果枝（10～34 cm），中长果枝（35～57 cm）及长果枝（58～82 cm），其中长果枝产量显著高于其余枝条的产量；结果母枝的基径在大于15 mm时产量逐渐升高；花序光照度调节（524～625）×100 lx之间时，可使坐果率高达78％。
위심입료해생물시유수충무환자（ Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn．）적생장습성，급무환자적정형수전、화과조공급기타집약배육기술제공이론의거，채용전년추종、고정화서화과서표기관찰、광조도측정등방법대기물후、개화결과습성、결과지조분류、화서광조도등주요생물학특성진행료연구。결과표명：무환자물후기분휴면기、맹동기、초화기、성화기、말화기、초과기、과실팽대기、과실성숙기등관건시기；무환자재복건건저춘계대우10℃적일균온8～10 d후개시진입맹동기，재대우18℃후개시추생출화서，재대우22℃후진입초화기；병차중요화기처우당지강우량교고시기，회영향화분활력화수정능력，사과실좌과불은；무환자적화유가잉화급불가잉화지분，병존재우동일화서상，성화기시가잉화점（30±3）％、불가잉화점（70±3）％；불가잉화수량재성화기체도최고점，도체말화기궤호완전탈락，가잉화재말화기도초과기락화솔고체49．02％；좌과후，초과기도과실팽대기적낙과솔고체72．74％，지후좌과편보지은정；무환자화서위원추화서，일개자방성숙후가분리출1～4개과，과실편대적위심장형，편소적위근원형；무환자결과지가분위단과지（10～34 cm），중장과지（35～57 cm）급장과지（58～82 cm），기중장과지산량현저고우기여지조적산량；결과모지적기경재대우15 mm시산량축점승고；화서광조도조절（524～625）×100 lx지간시，가사좌과솔고체78％。
We used the methods of tracking the inflorescence and infructescence to measure the intensity of illumination and in -vestigate the phenological , blossom-fruiting characteristics , branch classifications , and light intensity of flowers .The phe-nology of soapberry contained dormancy stage , budding stage, initial bloom stage, full-bloom stage, terminal stage, prima-ry fruit stage, fruit expanding stage and early ripe stage .In spring of Fujian Jianning , the budding period of soapberry was 8-10 days at higher than 10℃, the inflorescence started to grow at higher than 18℃, and the initial bloom stage started at 22℃.When important blossom met the local rainy season , the fruit setting was unstable because the pollen ’ s vigour and fertilization were influenced .Soapberry had two types of flowers on the same inflorescence including the fertile flowers and the infertile ones.During the full-bloom stage, the fertile flowers accounted for (30±3)%and the infertile flowers ac-counted for (70±3)%in a tree.The number of infertile flowers reached the zenith when the full-bloom stage arrived, but most of these flowers would drop during the terminal stage .From the late blossom period to the early fruit period , the blos-som dropping rate of fertile flowers reached to 49.02%.After bear fruit, the dropping rate of the fruits reached to 72.74%from the primary fruit stage to the fruit expanding stage , before the rate remained stable .The inflorescence of soapberry was panicle, and each ovary could be separated into 1-4 fruits.The bigger fruits were heart-shaped while the smaller ones had the shape of circle .The branches of soapberry could be divided into short fruiting branches ( length in 10-33 cm) , middle and long fruiting branches (length in 35-56 cm), and long fruit branches (length in 58-82 cm), and long branches showed higher yields of fruits than any other branches .The yield increased gradually when the last-year branch diameter was more than 15 mm.When the inflorescences’ illuminations were adjusted in (524-625)×100 lx, the fruit setting rate reached to 78%.