CAJ | 학술논문

鲁迅在日本时期的文言论文中提出了自己的救亡主张，在“人类之能”、“神思”、“精神”、“意力”、“心声”、“内曜”、“白心”、“进化”等概念系统中，系统地表达了以“立人”为动机的“个人”观念，其“个人”以超越性“精神”为内涵，以落实于生命力的“意力”为根基，这一“个人”观念有着进化论与德国主观主义哲学的显著影响，同时又受传统思维方式的内在制约，使其“个人”想象是本然自足的。鲁迅将中国现代转型的问题意识深刻地推进到文明基础的“自我”——“个人”层面，形成一个深度视点，但是，本然自足的“个人”想象缺少超越性、普遍性的理性背景，不仅制约了其对西方资源背后理性主义传统的发现，也使其“立人”到“兴国”的设计存在难以解决的潜在问题。
로신재일본시기적문언논문중제출료자기적구망주장，재“인류지능”、“신사”、“정신”、“의력”、“심성”、“내요”、“백심”、“진화”등개념계통중，계통지표체료이“립인”위동궤적“개인”관념，기“개인”이초월성“정신”위내함，이락실우생명력적“의력”위근기，저일“개인”관념유착진화론여덕국주관주의철학적현저영향，동시우수전통사유방식적내재제약，사기“개인”상상시본연자족적。로신장중국현대전형적문제의식심각지추진도문명기출적“자아”——“개인”층면，형성일개심도시점，단시，본연자족적“개인”상상결소초월성、보편성적이성배경，불부제약료기대서방자원배후이성주의전통적발현，야사기“립인”도“흥국”적설계존재난이해결적잠재문제。
Lu Xun put forward his personal advocacy for“saving the nation”in papers written in classical Chinese characters during his stay in Japan. Through concepts like“human capacity”,“spiritual thinking”,“spirit”,“will power”,“inner voice”,“internal cultivation”,“internal cleansing”and“evolution”, Lu Xun had systematically discussed“individuality”as the base for“cultivation of people”. This“individuality”has the power of“spiritual transcendence”, thus implementing the“meaning”of life as the foundation. The con-cept of“individuality”was obviously the consequence of the impact of evolution theory and German subjec-tive philosophy but also demonstrated an inner constraint born of traditional Chinese philosophy assuming this imagined“individuality”as a natural product of self-sufficiency. Lu Xun had embodied the ideological issue of China’s transformation in the concept of“individuality”which demands civilization as its founda-tion; however, this“individuality”as the natural result of self-sufficiency lacks the rationality of spiritual transcendence and universality, which has not only restricted further exploration of traditional Western ratio-nalism but also made the ideal of“cultivation of people”and“rejuvenation of the nation”almost impossible to realize.