CAJ | 학술논문

外源有害重金属是造成土壤-作物系统污染的重要渠道，采用田间试验方法，研究了不同施肥条件下土壤和作物中重金属镉、铬的含量状况，分析了土壤-植物系统中重金属镉、铬的富集特征。结果表明，施肥易造成表层土壤中重金属的累积，重金属镉富集效果明显。化肥处理下，土壤镉的生物有效性提高，显著增加白菜对镉的吸收富集，与对照相比，过量施肥（N1）、常规施肥（N2）、减量施肥（N3）处理下白菜中镉含量分别提高59.7%、41.1%和40.3%（P＜0.05），过量施肥（N1）处理下，白菜中镉含量接近食品安全国家标准的限量要求（0.2 mg·kg-1）。施用有机肥可以显著降低白菜对镉的吸收（P＜0.05），单施有机肥（N6）处理效果更为显著，镉含量比对照降低了36.3%（P＜0.05），比有机肥配施磷钾肥（N4）和有机-无机肥混施（N5）处理也显著降低了41.9%和38.8%（P＜0.05）。施肥同样造成表层土壤重金属铬的富集，随着化肥施用量的增加，白菜对铬的吸收富集也显著增加，同样，过量施肥（N1）处理下，白菜中铬含量接近食品安全国家标准的限量要求（0.5 mg·kg-1）。有机肥的施用可以调节土壤pH值，抑制白菜对重金属的吸收，对镉的抑制效果要好于铬。有机肥、化肥具有不同的供肥特征和理化性质，根据需求合理配施，方可达到合理供肥和保护环境的双重效益。
외원유해중금속시조성토양-작물계통오염적중요거도，채용전간시험방법，연구료불동시비조건하토양화작물중중금속력、락적함량상황，분석료토양-식물계통중중금속력、락적부집특정。결과표명，시비역조성표층토양중중금속적루적，중금속력부집효과명현。화비처리하，토양력적생물유효성제고，현저증가백채대력적흡수부집，여대조상비，과량시비（N1）、상규시비（N2）、감량시비（N3）처리하백채중력함량분별제고59.7%、41.1%화40.3%（P＜0.05），과량시비（N1）처리하，백채중력함량접근식품안전국가표준적한량요구（0.2 mg·kg-1）。시용유궤비가이현저강저백채대력적흡수（P＜0.05），단시유궤비（N6）처리효과경위현저，력함량비대조강저료36.3%（P＜0.05），비유궤비배시린갑비（N4）화유궤-무궤비혼시（N5）처리야현저강저료41.9%화38.8%（P＜0.05）。시비동양조성표층토양중금속락적부집，수착화비시용량적증가，백채대락적흡수부집야현저증가，동양，과량시비（N1）처리하，백채중락함량접근식품안전국가표준적한량요구（0.5 mg·kg-1）。유궤비적시용가이조절토양pH치，억제백채대중금속적흡수，대력적억제효과요호우락。유궤비、화비구유불동적공비특정화이화성질，근거수구합리배시，방가체도합리공비화보호배경적쌍중효익。
An experiment was carried out to study the content and enrichment characters of heavy metals chromium(Cr)and cadmium(Cd) in soil-plant system. The result indicated that fertilization could result in the accumulation of heavy metals in topsoil, and the Cd enrichment was more significant. Applying chemical fertilizer could increase the available Cd content in topsoil and increase the content of Cd in Chinese cabbage. Compared with the control, the Cd contents of Chinese cabbage under excessive fertilizer(N1), conventional fertilizer(N2), decre-ment fertilizer(N3)treatments were significantly higher than that in control(N0)treatment by 59.7%、41.1%and 40.3%respectively(P<0.05). And the Cd content in N1 treatment in Chinese cabbage was close to the limited value of national food safety standards for heavy metal pollutants. There was a significantly decrease of Cd content in Chinese cabbage by applying organic fertilizer than chemical fertilizer(P<0.05). And Cd content in cabbage in organic fertilizer decreased by 36.3%compared with the control(N0), even decreased by 41.9%and 38.8%compared with organic-phosphorus potassium fertilizer treatment(N4)and organic-inorganic fertilizer(N5)treatment. Fertilization could also cause the enrichment of Cr element in topsoil. And the absorption of Cr in Chinese cabbage significantly increased with the in-creasing of chemical fertilization. The Cr content in N1 treatment in Chinese cabbage was also close to the limited value of national food safety standards for heavy metal pollutants. There were different fertilizer efficiency and nutrient characteristics between organic and chemi-cal fertilizer. And it could be reasonable fertilizer application and protecting environment by rational application of organic and chemical fertilizer.