CAJ | 학술논문

为探寻定轴钢齿种床整备装置作业执行部件清秸单体因刀齿排布旋向不同而对其作业性能及负载的影响，该文在介绍左、右螺旋清秸单体的机构组成及工作原理的基础上，理论分析确定其等距切土节距条件，依此确定了玉米大垄双行清秸单体参数，并进行运动学仿真，仿真验证了等距切土节距条件的正确，并对比分析总结两者打击规律：刀轴纵向前进，侧向旋转，刀齿按序号1～9次序依次与地面进行打击，左旋清秸单体刀齿沿作业方向打击位置排序为186429753，右旋清秸单为594837261，单头螺线刀齿打击方向，左旋清秸单体与作业方向相同，打击间距等于4个节距，整体采用反向插补式打击；右旋清秸单体与作业方向相反，打击间距等于2个节距，整体采用推进式打击，且两者具有相同的螺旋进距及切土节距。利用仿真模拟及田间试验的方法对两者的载荷状况及作业性能进行对比分析，左、右螺旋清秸单体仿真切土平均阻力及离散度分别0.0658 kN、66.2及0.062 kN、60.1；田间扭矩消耗均值、标准差及根茬清除率分别为64.6 N·m、7.2、93.8%及62.7 N·m、5.1、95.3%，右旋清秸单体所有评价指标除根茬清除率外皆小于左旋清秸单体，表明右旋清秸单体具有较小的载荷消耗、载荷波动及较佳的作业性能。该研究可为具有排布特性的土壤耕作机具研究提供参考。
위탐심정축강치충상정비장치작업집행부건청갈단체인도치배포선향불동이대기작업성능급부재적영향，해문재개소좌、우라선청갈단체적궤구조성급공작원리적기출상，이론분석학정기등거절토절거조건，의차학정료옥미대롱쌍행청갈단체삼수，병진행운동학방진，방진험증료등거절토절거조건적정학，병대비분석총결량자타격규률：도축종향전진，측향선전，도치안서호1～9차서의차여지면진행타격，좌선청갈단체도치연작업방향타격위치배서위186429753，우선청갈단위594837261，단두라선도치타격방향，좌선청갈단체여작업방향상동，타격간거등우4개절거，정체채용반향삽보식타격；우선청갈단체여작업방향상반，타격간거등우2개절거，정체채용추진식타격，차량자구유상동적라선진거급절토절거。이용방진모의급전간시험적방법대량자적재하상황급작업성능진행대비분석，좌、우라선청갈단체방진절토평균조력급리산도분별0.0658 kN、66.2급0.062 kN、60.1；전간뉴구소모균치、표준차급근치청제솔분별위64.6 N·m、7.2、93.8%급62.7 N·m、5.1、95.3%，우선청갈단체소유평개지표제근치청제솔외개소우좌선청갈단체，표명우선청갈단체구유교소적재하소모、재하파동급교가적작업성능。해연구가위구유배포특성적토양경작궤구연구제공삼고。
Stubble clearing units are the key part of seedbed servicing device with rotating rigid cutter. In order to understand the effects of stubble clearing units on working performance and load when the knife teeth configuration rotation direction was different, the structure and the function of the left and right spiral stubble-clearing units were introduced at first, and then the conditions were acquired on the pitch of stubble clearing units through theoretical analysis. Based on this, stubble clearing units were designed about the corn planting of a big ridge and 2 rows, kinematic simulation model was built and kinematic simulation was done. The simulation results verified the correctness of the conditions on the pitch of stubble clearing units. The impact law has been got by comparative analysis, which was as follows: the knife shaft of clearing units moved longitudinally and rotated sidewise; for the 2 stubble clearing units, all knife teeth along the circumference impacted the field one after another according to the order of 123456789, and the impact location sequence of left spiral stubble clearing unit along working direction was 186429753 and the right was 594837261; for single-head knife teeth, impact direction of left spiral stubble clearing unit was the same with working direction, the spacing between adjacent knife teeth was 4 pitches, and the unit adopted jumping impact mode, but the right had opposite impact direction, the spacing between adjacent knife teeth was 2 pitches, the unit’s impact mode was push-type, and the 2 units had the same spiral feeding pitch and cutting pitch. In order to acquire the load condition by simulation and do a further theory analysis, the simplified three-dimensional model of left-right spiral clearing units was built by SolidWorks, the intermediate file was exported into ANSYS/LS-DYNA, then the mesh generation was performed and the constraints were added on the model; the driving parameters were set according to actual working condition, the working process of knife teeth soil cutting was simulated, and total force and dispersion of both spiral clearing units on theyoz plane were selected as evaluation indices to do a comparison analysis. The results showed that total force and dispersion of left and right spiral clearing unit were 0.0658 kN, 66.2 and 0.062 kN, 60.1, respectively, and the right was smaller than the left. The results indicated that the right spiral clearing unit had a smaller load and load wave. Meanwhile, field performance contrast experiments had been done under the same working condition and test condition, and the mean valueandstandard deviation of torsion and stubble clearing ratio were selected as indices to do a contrast analysis. The results showed that the mean valueandstandard deviation of the torsion of leftand right spiral clearing unit were 64.6 Nm, 7.2 and 62.7 Nm, 5.1, respectively, which were the same with simulation results. In the field experiment, the right was smaller than the left, and the stubble clearing ratio of the right was 95.3%, bigger than the left that was 93.8%, all indexes except stubble clearing ratio of the right is smaller than the left, which indicated that the right spiral stubble clearing unit had smaller torque and fluctuating load and had a better working performance. The research has a certain reference value for the research of tillage machine with configuration property.