CAJ | 학술논문

针对谷子机械化收获难、损失大的问题，研究设计了4LZG-3.0型谷子联合收获机。该文描述了机器的总体设计方案，并对割台、输送装置、脱粒装置、清选装置等进行了设计，确定了其关键参数。该机配套动力55 kW，工作幅宽为2000 mm，生产率为0.23～0.45 hm2/h；可一次完成谷子切割、输送、脱粒、清选、集粮、碎谷码回收等作业，具有喂入量大、割台损失少、脱净率高、夹带损失率小、脱出物中含杂率少等特点。田间性能检测和试验考核表明：机器性能稳定，作业顺畅，主要指标为喂入量3～3.3 kg/s；总损失率6.86%～6.89%；含杂率1.6%～1.8%；破碎率1.3%～1.4%；可靠性系数≥95%，均达到或超过设计技术指标。该研究有效降低了割台损失，大幅减少了脱粒、清选损失，为提高谷子机械化收获水平提供了参考。
침대곡자궤계화수획난、손실대적문제，연구설계료4LZG-3.0형곡자연합수획궤。해문묘술료궤기적총체설계방안，병대할태、수송장치、탈립장치、청선장치등진행료설계，학정료기관건삼수。해궤배투동력55 kW，공작폭관위2000 mm，생산솔위0.23～0.45 hm2/h；가일차완성곡자절할、수송、탈립、청선、집량、쇄곡마회수등작업，구유위입량대、할태손실소、탈정솔고、협대손실솔소、탈출물중함잡솔소등특점。전간성능검측화시험고핵표명：궤기성능은정，작업순창，주요지표위위입량3～3.3 kg/s；총손실솔6.86%～6.89%；함잡솔1.6%～1.8%；파쇄솔1.3%～1.4%；가고성계수≥95%，균체도혹초과설계기술지표。해연구유효강저료할태손실，대폭감소료탈립、청선손실，위제고곡자궤계화수획수평제공료삼고。
4LZG-3.0 millet combine harvester is developed to cope with the inadequacy in mechanized harvesting in millet. The major design is given in details. The header, conveyer, threshing system and cleaning system are designed, and their key parameters are calculated. The header dedicated for millet has a length of 580 mm. The crop dividers have their top points more than 1 300 mm above the ground, and foremost point over 700 mm from the knife bar. Inner and outer divider bars are added to the left crop divider, which are located at a distance of 100-120 mm from the side of the crop divider. The height of the center of the reel is over 1 100 mm, and has an adjustable region of 500-600 mm. The rotary speed of the reel is 30-34 r/min. The diameter of the feeder auger is 330 mm and the rotary speed 170 r/min. The original problems of crop stacking on the side of the header, ear dropping off and crop clinging to the reel are thus solved, and the header loss is significantly reduced. The threshing system has the structure of double transverse axial flow with D-type rasp bar. The entry clearance is 15-20 mm and the exit clearance is 2-4 mm. The concave is a grating one. The front conclave has a bar distance of 9 mm and the rear one 12 mm. The rotor speed is 850-970 r/min. By modifying the parameters mentioned above, the carry-on loss is reduced compared to other millet threshing systems while maintaining the grain breaking during the threshing procedure at a low level. Centrifugal fan with 3 kinds of available speeds and double-wire sieve is used in the cleaning system. The pore of the upper sieve is 14 mm × 14 mm and that of the lower sieve is 6 mm × 6 mm. The newly designed cleaning system has a drop in cleaning loss. A broken spike recycling device is developed to recollect capes and heavier broken stalk from the residual. This recycling device can be added to the machine as an attachment when required, as in some regions such materials are demanded as forage. Major parameters of the millet harvester are as follows. The engine power is 55 kW, the cutting width 2.0 m, the capacity≥3.0 kg/s, the productivity 0.23-0.45 hm2/h, the rubber track 400 × 90 × 48 (mm × mm × segment), and the wheelbase 1 080 mm. The field experiment and performance test results show that this harvesting machine has achieved a stable performance. The main indices tested in the standard working condition are as follows. The feeding amount is 3.30 kg/s, the total loss rate 6.89%, the impurity rate 1.8%, the broken rate 1.4%, the productivity 0.4 hm2/h, and the equipment reliability coefficient 95%. Each of the indices has reached or exceeded the designed technical specification. It is concluded that the millet combine harvester is suitable for harvesting small-grain crops like millet, with superiorities such as large capacity, low header and threshing loss rate and little impurity for the grain. It can save operation time by over 90% while reducing labor intensity, promoting efficiency and cutting cost compared to manual harvesting. This study has provided a reference for millet mechanical harvesting.