农业工程学报
農業工程學報
농업공정학보
2015年
12期
23-30
,共8页
邢赫%臧英%曹晓曼%王在满%罗锡文%曾山%黄淼
邢赫%臧英%曹曉曼%王在滿%囉錫文%曾山%黃淼
형혁%장영%조효만%왕재만%라석문%증산%황묘
农业机械%种子%气力式设备%水稻%气力式排种器%落种轨迹%成穴性%高速摄影
農業機械%種子%氣力式設備%水稻%氣力式排種器%落種軌跡%成穴性%高速攝影
농업궤계%충자%기력식설비%수도%기력식배충기%락충궤적%성혈성%고속섭영
agricultural machinery%seed%pneumatic equipment%rice%pneumatic metering device%dropping trajectories%hill sowing%high speed photography
为研究水稻气力式排种器的稻种在送种正压作用下脱离排种盘后的轨迹以及投种成穴性，该文采用高速摄影技术分析了投种轨迹的变化规律及其影响因素，并对投种后的穴径进行了测量通过实际投种轨迹的均值优化理论方程，得到了不同条件下的优化方程。以“培杂泰丰”超级杂交稻种子为研究对象，采用多因素试验方法，分析了不同转速、不同送种正压下，稻种投影面正面与侧面轨迹与投种穴径的变化。试验结果表明：正面投种轨迹随排种盘转速的提高其水平位移增大，但整体偏移均小于5 mm。当送种正压为0.1 kPa时，其落种轨迹的稳定性较好，投种正面水平位移基本稳定在45～65 mm，当送种正压为0.2 kPa时，投种轨迹分布不均，稳定性较差；侧面投种轨迹受排种盘转速影响较小，增大送种正压会增大稻种侧面的水平位移，当送种正压为0.1 kPa时，其投种侧面水平位移稳定分布在0～15 mm，当送种正压为0.2 kPa时，投种轨迹分布波动较大；穴径随转速与送种正压的提升，其大于50 mm的概率也增多，排种盘转速为30 r/min、送种正压为0.1 kPa时，成穴性最好，其合格率为96.9%。投种高度控制在离地面10 cm左右为最佳。该文从理论的角度分析了投种轨迹，得到了成穴性最优的条件，为水稻气力式排种器最优成穴条件与排种管的设计提供参考。
為研究水稻氣力式排種器的稻種在送種正壓作用下脫離排種盤後的軌跡以及投種成穴性，該文採用高速攝影技術分析瞭投種軌跡的變化規律及其影響因素，併對投種後的穴徑進行瞭測量通過實際投種軌跡的均值優化理論方程，得到瞭不同條件下的優化方程。以“培雜泰豐”超級雜交稻種子為研究對象，採用多因素試驗方法，分析瞭不同轉速、不同送種正壓下，稻種投影麵正麵與側麵軌跡與投種穴徑的變化。試驗結果錶明：正麵投種軌跡隨排種盤轉速的提高其水平位移增大，但整體偏移均小于5 mm。噹送種正壓為0.1 kPa時，其落種軌跡的穩定性較好，投種正麵水平位移基本穩定在45～65 mm，噹送種正壓為0.2 kPa時，投種軌跡分佈不均，穩定性較差；側麵投種軌跡受排種盤轉速影響較小，增大送種正壓會增大稻種側麵的水平位移，噹送種正壓為0.1 kPa時，其投種側麵水平位移穩定分佈在0～15 mm，噹送種正壓為0.2 kPa時，投種軌跡分佈波動較大；穴徑隨轉速與送種正壓的提升，其大于50 mm的概率也增多，排種盤轉速為30 r/min、送種正壓為0.1 kPa時，成穴性最好，其閤格率為96.9%。投種高度控製在離地麵10 cm左右為最佳。該文從理論的角度分析瞭投種軌跡，得到瞭成穴性最優的條件，為水稻氣力式排種器最優成穴條件與排種管的設計提供參攷。
위연구수도기력식배충기적도충재송충정압작용하탈리배충반후적궤적이급투충성혈성，해문채용고속섭영기술분석료투충궤적적변화규률급기영향인소，병대투충후적혈경진행료측량통과실제투충궤적적균치우화이론방정，득도료불동조건하적우화방정。이“배잡태봉”초급잡교도충자위연구대상，채용다인소시험방법，분석료불동전속、불동송충정압하，도충투영면정면여측면궤적여투충혈경적변화。시험결과표명：정면투충궤적수배충반전속적제고기수평위이증대，단정체편이균소우5 mm。당송충정압위0.1 kPa시，기락충궤적적은정성교호，투충정면수평위이기본은정재45～65 mm，당송충정압위0.2 kPa시，투충궤적분포불균，은정성교차；측면투충궤적수배충반전속영향교소，증대송충정압회증대도충측면적수평위이，당송충정압위0.1 kPa시，기투충측면수평위이은정분포재0～15 mm，당송충정압위0.2 kPa시，투충궤적분포파동교대；혈경수전속여송충정압적제승，기대우50 mm적개솔야증다，배충반전속위30 r/min、송충정압위0.1 kPa시，성혈성최호，기합격솔위96.9%。투충고도공제재리지면10 cm좌우위최가。해문종이론적각도분석료투충궤적，득도료성혈성최우적조건，위수도기력식배충기최우성혈조건여배충관적설계제공삼고。
Compared to rice mechanisticmetering device, rice pneumatic metering device has advantages of low number of sowing seeds, high precision of seed metering and low seed-injuring rate. Because the precision of seed metering is difficult to control and the performance of hill sowing is poor, rice pneumatic metering device is difficult to be widely used in field direct-seeding. The control of the precision of seed metering is the key to design metering device. Analysis of the process of dropping seeds helps improve the precision of seed metering and the performance of hill sowing, providing a basis for the design of metering device. Seeds were taken away from sowing disc under positive pressure for blowing seeds. The dropping trajectories and hill sowing performance of rice seeds were studied in this article. A high-speed photography technology was introduced to investigate how the dropping trajectories of rice seeds varied and what influenced the dropping trajectories, on which the equations of the rice's movement were formed. The theory equations were optimized through the average horizontal displacements of actual dropping trajectories and the optimization equations under the different conditions were obtained. The diameter of hill sowing was also measured. As seeds were taken away from sowing disc under positive pressure, seeds gained an initial velocity, which was calledVz and was vertical to the sowing disc. Because seeds moved along with sowing disc rotating before seeds were blown away, the seeds gained the other initial velocity, which was calledVrand was parallel to the disc. Seeds also gained acceleration of gravity under the gravity. In the above factors, the dropping trajectories were spatial parabolic, which was morecomplicated than the plane parabolic trajectories of rice mechanisticmetering device. In order to investigate and count the dropping trajectories of rice pneumatic metering device, a coordinate system was established. Indic hybrid Peizataifeng was taken as research subject in this article, of which water content and average length, width and thickness were 20.5% and 8.97, 2.34 and 1.90 mm respectively. There were 2 dropping trajectories, the trajectory of frontal dropping seed and the trajectory of profile dropping seed. The dropping trajectories and diameters of hill sowing were analyzed by multi-factor experiment under different rotation rates and positive pressures for blowing seeds. The experimental results showed horizontal displacements of the trajectory of frontal dropping seed increased with the increasing of rotation rate, which were less than 5 mm. The frontal trajectory had good stability under positive pressure of 0.1 kPa, and horizontal displacements were stabilized within the range of 45-65 mm. Under positive pressure of 0.2 kPa, the frontal trajectory was unevenly distributed with bad stability. Trajectory of profile dropping seed was little affected by rotation rate. Horizontal displacements of trajectory of profile dropping seed increased with the increasing of positive pressure for blowing seeds. The profile trajectories were stabilized within the range of 0-15 mm under positive pressure of 0.1 kPa. Under positive pressure of 0.2 kPa, the profile trajectories were unevenly distributed. Diameters of the hill less than 50 mm were deemed as qualified, while diameters more than 50 mm were deemed as substandard. The probability of substandard diameter increased with the increased rotation rate and positive pressure. Performance of hill sowing was best with the rotating speed of 30 r/min and positive pressure of 0.1 kPa, of which qualified rate was 96.9%. The optimum height of dropping seeds was 10 cm. This article analyzed dropping trajectories in theory and got the optimal conditions of performance of hill sowing, providing the basis for optimal conditions of hill sowing and the reference for the design of seeding tubes of rice pneumatic metering device.
