CAJ | 학술논문

城镇用地扩张已发展成为发展中国家的一种趋势。道路网络作为城镇用地扩张的极为重要驱动要素之一，受到相关学者高度关注。为研究道路网络与城镇用地扩张之间的一般规律，该文以北京、纽约、伦敦、芝加哥为研究区，基于多期遥感影像以及城市道路网络矢量数据，借助遥感和GIS平台，解译获得城镇土地利用矢量数据，进一步叠加分析提取城镇用地扩张信息，并利用ArcGIS密度分析工具生成道路网络密度图，将两者进行空间统计分析，通过回归分析建立道网密度－城镇扩张回归模型，系统分析道路网络与城镇用地扩张的分布特征以及两者之间的拟合关系，探求道路网络驱动下城镇用地扩张的一般规律。研究结果表明：北京、纽约、伦敦、芝加哥城镇用地扩张阈值分别为1.89×104、3.78×104、5.70×104与6.47×104 km/km2，道网密度未超过阈值时，城镇扩张与道路网络均具有倒U曲线关系，北京、纽约、伦敦、芝加哥的城镇用地扩张转折节点分别为3.3×103、1.184×104、1.686×104与2.14×104km/km2，即城镇扩张速度先随道网密度的增加而加快，超过转折节点后，城镇扩张速度随道网密度的增加而减慢；当道网密度超过上述阈值时，城镇将不再扩张。城市用地扩张与道路网络特征的关联性规律，对全球发展中城市的未来发展具有重要的借鉴意义。道网密度对于城镇用地扩张具有一定预测效果，能够为避免城镇用地的快速无序扩张、土地低效利用等问题提供新思路，应该重视城市道路网络规划的作用，推动城市“精明增长”，以实现城镇用地与道路网络建设的相互促进、协调发展。
성진용지확장이발전성위발전중국가적일충추세。도로망락작위성진용지확장적겁위중요구동요소지일，수도상관학자고도관주。위연구도로망락여성진용지확장지간적일반규률，해문이북경、뉴약、륜돈、지가가위연구구，기우다기요감영상이급성시도로망락시량수거，차조요감화GIS평태，해역획득성진토지이용시량수거，진일보첩가분석제취성진용지확장신식，병이용ArcGIS밀도분석공구생성도로망락밀도도，장량자진행공간통계분석，통과회귀분석건립도망밀도－성진확장회귀모형，계통분석도로망락여성진용지확장적분포특정이급량자지간적의합관계，탐구도로망락구동하성진용지확장적일반규률。연구결과표명：북경、뉴약、륜돈、지가가성진용지확장역치분별위1.89×104、3.78×104、5.70×104여6.47×104 km/km2，도망밀도미초과역치시，성진확장여도로망락균구유도U곡선관계，북경、뉴약、륜돈、지가가적성진용지확장전절절점분별위3.3×103、1.184×104、1.686×104여2.14×104km/km2，즉성진확장속도선수도망밀도적증가이가쾌，초과전절절점후，성진확장속도수도망밀도적증가이감만；당도망밀도초과상술역치시，성진장불재확장。성시용지확장여도로망락특정적관련성규률，대전구발전중성시적미래발전구유중요적차감의의。도망밀도대우성진용지확장구유일정예측효과，능구위피면성진용지적쾌속무서확장、토지저효이용등문제제공신사로，응해중시성시도로망락규화적작용，추동성시“정명증장”，이실현성진용지여도로망락건설적상호촉진、협조발전。
Urban sprawl has become a widespread trend for developing countries. Road networks are an extremely important factor driving the expansion of urban land and are thus subject to special attention from academia. For the purpose of studying the relationship between road networks and urban sprawl based on multi-period remote sensing images and vector data of urban road networks, we took Beijing, New York, London and Chicago as the study areas, and firstly attained urban land use vector data through image interpretation with the aid of a remote sensing and GIS platform; and then utilized overlay analysis to extract the information on urban sprawl. A map of road network density was further generated and manufactured using the density analysis tool of ArcGIS. Finally, we conducted a spatial statistical analysis between road networks and urban sprawl and then systematically analyzed their distribution features. In addition, the Urban sprawl-road network density model was established by regression analysis used for fitting the relationship. The results proved that 1) in the last 3 decades, there had been a consistency in terms of urban land expansion features of the 4 cities. The area of urban land expansion was gradually reducing from the center outward, while the distribution of road network density overall was gradually thinner from the city center outward. There was a close association between urban land expansion and spatial density of road network. Due to different locations, there were some differences in spatial distribution for urban expansion. 2) The urban sprawl thresholds of Beijing, New York, London and Chicago were 1.89×104, 3.78×104, 5.70×104 and 6.47×104 km/km2, respectively, and urban expansion had an inverted U-shaped curve relationship with road networks when the road network density did not exceed the threshold. 3) The turning points for urban sprawl for Beijing, New York, London and Chicago were 3.3×103, 11.84×103, 16.86×103 and 21.40×103 km/km2, respectively, which indicated that urban expansion initially accelerated with the increasing of the density of road networks; however, after the turning point was reached, the expansion rate of urban decreased; and when the road density exceeded the threshold, urban areas would no longer expand. 4) The road network played a driving role for urban expansion, inducing urban land expansion. Thus, the construction process of urban transport systems required strict proof, and we should give a scientific definition to the capacity of transportation, the amount of road networks and the road network layout. The correlation between urban sprawl and road network features had an important reference for the future development of global developing cities. Understanding road network density offered some predictive effects for urban land expansion, allowed the avoidance of irregular expansion, and provided new ideas for addressing the inefficient utilization of land and other issues. The tendency for urban expansion varied with the degree of road network development in different locations, and exerting the law was conducive to scientific planning and rational use of the land in city and to the improvemente of land use efficiency. In short, the quantitative relationship between road networks and urban sprawl presented an inverted U-shaped pattern. A reasonable grasp of the turning point for urban expansion was worth pondering for other cities in the stage of rapid development in order to promote sustainable development and achieve smart growth in the future. Therefore, we should pay attention to the role of urban road network planning and promote urban’s "smart growth" in order to achieve mutual promotion and coordinated development of urban land use and road network construction.