CAJ | 학술논문

温室菜地土壤面临磷肥大量投入，磷肥有效性低下等问题，为提高土壤中磷素的有效性，减少磷肥施用，亟待开展相关研究。以番茄为供试对象，研究温室番茄地施用柠檬酸对土壤有效磷时空变化及番茄产量的影响，试验设置磷肥和柠檬酸2个因素4个水平，采用完全随机设计，分别为：0（CA0）、0.42（CA1）、0.84（CA2）、1.26（CA3）kg·hm-2和0（P0）、96（P1）、168（P2）、240（P3）kg·hm-2。结果表明：与对照相比，施加柠檬酸后土壤pH极显著降低（P<0.01），CA3P0处理使土壤pH降低了0.62；不施加磷肥时，柠檬酸促进土壤磷素的释放，提高了土壤有效磷的含量；施加磷肥后，柠檬酸和磷肥交互作用可以显著提高表层0~20 cm土壤有效磷含量，但是过多施用柠檬酸和磷肥CA3P3处理使表层0~20 cm土壤有效磷含量降低，使20~40 cm土壤有效磷含量增加，并提高有效磷向下运移的可能性。合适的柠檬酸和磷肥配比CA2P2既可以获得较高番茄产量6.02 t·hm-2，又可以减少30%的磷肥施用量，同时降低磷素向深层运移的风险。
온실채지토양면림린비대량투입，린비유효성저하등문제，위제고토양중린소적유효성，감소린비시용，극대개전상관연구。이번가위공시대상，연구온실번가지시용저몽산대토양유효린시공변화급번가산량적영향，시험설치린비화저몽산2개인소4개수평，채용완전수궤설계，분별위：0（CA0）、0.42（CA1）、0.84（CA2）、1.26（CA3）kg·hm-2화0（P0）、96（P1）、168（P2）、240（P3）kg·hm-2。결과표명：여대조상비，시가저몽산후토양pH겁현저강저（P<0.01），CA3P0처리사토양pH강저료0.62；불시가린비시，저몽산촉진토양린소적석방，제고료토양유효린적함량；시가린비후，저몽산화린비교호작용가이현저제고표층0~20 cm토양유효린함량，단시과다시용저몽산화린비CA3P3처리사표층0~20 cm토양유효린함량강저，사20~40 cm토양유효린함량증가，병제고유효린향하운이적가능성。합괄적저몽산화린비배비CA2P2기가이획득교고번가산량6.02 t·hm-2，우가이감소30%적린비시용량，동시강저린소향심층운이적풍험。
The utilization efficiency of phosphorus fertilizers in vegetable production under greenhouse condition is low in spite of its exces-sive use. Thus, it need to improve the availability of phosphorus and consequently reduce its application rate.In this study, a greenhouse trial was conducted to reveal the effects of citric acid on soil available phosphorus and tomato yield. Four phosphate fertilizer application rates(0, 96, 168, 240 kg·hm-2, denoted as P0, P1, P2, P3, respectively)and four citric acid levels(0, 0.42, 0.84, 1.26 kg·hm-2, denoted as CA0, CA1, CA2, CA3, respectively)were arranged with the method of completely random design. The results showed that soil pH decreased sig-nificantly(P<0.01)with the increment of citric acid addition level, and it decreased by 0.62 units for CA3P0 compared with CA0P0. With-out the phosphate fertilization phosphorus release from the soil pool was enhanced in the top 0~20 cm soil after citric acid addition. Howev-er, as shown by treatment CA3P3, overuse of citric acid decreased the available phosphorus content in this soil layer, but increased the con-tent in the 20~40 cm soil, which tend to leach to deep soil. The recommended application rates of citric acid and phosphate were 0.84 kg· hm-2(CA2)and 168 kg·hm-2(P2), respectively. This dosage not only produced a maximum tomato yield of 6.02 t·hm-2, but also reduced phosphate application by 30%compared with P3, implying a lower environmental risk of phosphorus leaching to the deep soil.