CAJ | 학술논문

为了探明不同秸秆还田方式对玉米根际土壤微生物及酶活性的影响，设置秸秆覆盖和深埋2种秸秆还田方式，研究了不同处理（秸秆覆盖于玉米长期连作土壤CT1、秸秆深埋于玉米长期连作土壤CT2、秸秆覆盖于米麦轮作土壤T1、秸秆深埋于米麦轮作土壤T2）对下茬玉米根际土壤微生物及土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明：（1）相同的秸秆还田方式下，T1和T2玉米根际土壤微生物生物量碳、主要微生物及生理类群和土壤酶活性均高于CT1和CT2处理。（2）在玉米长期连作土壤中，秸秆深埋更能提高下茬玉米根际土壤微生物生物量碳含量，增加土壤细菌、放线菌、主要微生物生理类群（氨化细菌、好气性固氮菌、硝化细菌）和降低土壤真菌数量，提高土壤脲酶和转化酶活性。而在米麦轮作土壤中，秸秆还田方式对玉米根际土壤真菌和主要微生物生理类群（氨化细菌、好气性固氮菌、硝化细菌）、土壤脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性影响不大。在吉林省玉米长期连作种植区，秸秆深埋比秸秆覆盖更能有效改善土壤微生物结构。
위료탐명불동갈간환전방식대옥미근제토양미생물급매활성적영향，설치갈간복개화심매2충갈간환전방식，연구료불동처리（갈간복개우옥미장기련작토양CT1、갈간심매우옥미장기련작토양CT2、갈간복개우미맥륜작토양T1、갈간심매우미맥륜작토양T2）대하치옥미근제토양미생물급토양매활성적영향。결과표명：（1）상동적갈간환전방식하，T1화T2옥미근제토양미생물생물량탄、주요미생물급생리류군화토양매활성균고우CT1화CT2처리。（2）재옥미장기련작토양중，갈간심매경능제고하치옥미근제토양미생물생물량탄함량，증가토양세균、방선균、주요미생물생리류군（안화세균、호기성고담균、초화세균）화강저토양진균수량，제고토양뇨매화전화매활성。이재미맥륜작토양중，갈간환전방식대옥미근제토양진균화주요미생물생리류군（안화세균、호기성고담균、초화세균）、토양뇨매화과양화경매활성영향불대。재길림성옥미장기련작충식구，갈간심매비갈간복개경능유효개선토양미생물결구。
Straws contain a large amount of organic matter and nitrogen, phosphous, potassium and different microelements. Straw-returning becomes one of the most important measures to replace the traditional organic fertilizer and increase the soil organic matter. As the bond be-tween next stubble crops and soil microorganism, returned straws play an important role in underground rhizosphere microorganisms environ-ment. In this study, the effects of different straw returning modes on the soil microorganism and enzyme activity were investigated. The experi-ment included four different treatment:the soil of continuous-cropping with straw mulching(CT1), the soil of continuous-cropping with straw buried(CT2), the soil of alternate-cropping with straw mulching(T1), the soil of alternate-cropping with straw buried(T2). Corn was plant-ed in the above treatments and determined the soil microorganism and enzyme activity at the different growth stage. The results showed that under the same straw-returning, the microbial biomass carbon content, corn microorganism and soil enzyme activities of T1 and T2 were high-er than those of CT1 and CT2. In the soil of continuous-cropping, compared with the straw-mulching, the straw-buried increased significant-ly in the numbers of bacteria, actinomycetes, ammonifying bacteria, aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and the activities of soil urease and invertase. While in the soil of alternate-cropping, the returning mode of straw had little impacts on the numbers of fungi, am-monifying bacteria, aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria and nitrifying bacteria and activities of urease and catalase. It is concluded that the straw-buried can improve the soil microorganisms in the soil of continuous-cropping compared with the straw-mulching.