CAJ | 학술논문

为了探讨不同生育期水分亏缺对冬小麦产量和蛋白质形成的影响，同时确定出节水、高产、优质目标下冬小麦各生育期适宜的水分亏缺水平，开展了防雨棚下的冬小麦人工控水试验。该研究在返青期、拔节期、抽穗扬花期和灌浆成熟期设置2个水分亏缺水平即轻度亏水L（含水率控制在55%～60%田间持水量，相应土壤水吸力为375～448 kPa）和中度亏水M（含水率控制在45%～50%田间持水量，土壤水吸力为586～687 kPa）；另设全生育期不亏水对照处理CK （含水率控制在65%～70%田间持水量，土壤水吸力为256～305 kPa）。研究结果显示，同CK相比，亏水处理使得灌浆持续期缩短2.72%～15.78%，达到最大灌浆速度的时间提前2.33%～14.58%；除灌浆成熟期轻度亏水、中度亏水处理外，其他处理均使得最大灌浆速率和平均灌浆速率增加，其最大值分别为15.77%和12.09%。亏水处理没有改变蛋白质形成的基本趋势，均呈“V”字形；但亏水程度不同，蛋白质含量及产量不同，在拔节期、抽穗扬花期和灌浆成熟期，随着亏水程度加重，蛋白质含量升高，蛋白质含量最高为灌浆成熟期中度亏水处理（质量分数为14.33%），最低为拔节期轻度亏水处理（质量分数为12.88%）；蛋白质产量最高为全生育期不亏水对照处理CK（1047.30 kg/hm2），最低为拔节期轻度亏水处理（802.77 kg/hm2）。结果表明，兼顾冬小麦产量与蛋白质产量的适宜亏水模式依次为：返青期轻度亏水、返青期中度亏水、灌浆成熟期轻度亏水、抽穗扬花期轻度亏水、拔节期中度亏水、拔节期轻度亏水。研究结果为相关区域冬小麦高产、优质栽培和水分调控提供理论依据和数据支持。
위료탐토불동생육기수분우결대동소맥산량화단백질형성적영향，동시학정출절수、고산、우질목표하동소맥각생육기괄의적수분우결수평，개전료방우붕하적동소맥인공공수시험。해연구재반청기、발절기、추수양화기화관장성숙기설치2개수분우결수평즉경도우수L（함수솔공제재55%～60%전간지수량，상응토양수흡력위375～448 kPa）화중도우수M（함수솔공제재45%～50%전간지수량，토양수흡력위586～687 kPa）；령설전생육기불우수대조처리CK （함수솔공제재65%～70%전간지수량，토양수흡력위256～305 kPa）。연구결과현시，동CK상비，우수처리사득관장지속기축단2.72%～15.78%，체도최대관장속도적시간제전2.33%～14.58%；제관장성숙기경도우수、중도우수처리외，기타처리균사득최대관장속솔화평균관장속솔증가，기최대치분별위15.77%화12.09%。우수처리몰유개변단백질형성적기본추세，균정“V”자형；단우수정도불동，단백질함량급산량불동，재발절기、추수양화기화관장성숙기，수착우수정도가중，단백질함량승고，단백질함량최고위관장성숙기중도우수처리（질량분수위14.33%），최저위발절기경도우수처리（질량분수위12.88%）；단백질산량최고위전생육기불우수대조처리CK（1047.30 kg/hm2），최저위발절기경도우수처리（802.77 kg/hm2）。결과표명，겸고동소맥산량여단백질산량적괄의우수모식의차위：반청기경도우수、반청기중도우수、관장성숙기경도우수、추수양화기경도우수、발절기중도우수、발절기경도우수。연구결과위상관구역동소맥고산、우질재배화수분조공제공이론의거화수거지지。
Agricultural water was stress in Haihe River Basin of China, many peasants had given up farming because of irrigation water shortage during the critical period of crop water requirement, if this trend continues, local food security would be affected. Therefore, profound understanding crop’s water requirement rules and improving agricultural water use efficiency is very important. Winter wheat is one of the crops that have the largest acreage and high water consumption during the whole growth period, andoccupies an important position in the diet of local residents. Therefore, we conducted a water-controlling field experiment to examine the effects of water deficit on the yield and protein formation of winter wheat during the growth and development stages, and meanwhile determined the better water deficit level at each development stage for the objective of water saving as well as high yield and quality. Two water deficit levels were set up during four growth and development stages including green stage, jointing stage, heading and flowering stage, filling and ripening stage. The two water deficit levels were light water deficit (L, soil moisture content was field capacity 55%-60%, soil water suction was 375-448 kPa) and moderate water deficit (M, soil moisture content was field capacity 45%-50%, soil water suction was 586-687 kPa). Moreover, proper soil water treatment during whole stage (CK) was also set up with soil moisture content being of field capacity 65%-70% and soil water suction 256-305 kPa. Our results showed that comparing with the proper soil water treatment (CK), the filling period shorten by 2.72%-15.78% under the deficit treatments. The time for arriving maximum filling speed were advanced with a range of 2.33%-14.58%. All deficit treatments increased the maximum filling speed and the average filling speed except for the treatments of light and moderate water deficit at the filling and ripening stage, and the maximum values were 15.77% and 12.09%, respectively. The basic trend of protein formation showed a “V-shape” curve, which was unchanged by deficit treatments, protein contents and yields various with water deficit treatment. Protein content increased with the aggravation of water deficit at all growth stages except for the green stage. Moderate water deficit at filling and ripening stage featured with the maximum protein content (14.33%), and the light water deficit at jointing stage with the minimum protein content (12.88%). Proper soil water treatment during whole stage (CK) featured with the maximum protein yield (1047.30 kg/hm2), light water deficit at jointing stage featured with the minimum protein yield (802.77 kg/hm2).These results suggested that giving consideration to winter wheat yield and protein yield both, suitable deficit treatments successively were light water deficit at green stage, moderate water deficit at green stage, light water deficit at filling and ripening stage, light water deficit at heading and flowering stage, moderate water deficit at jointing stage, and light water deficit at jointing stage. Our results are important for providing theory and data to the cultivation of winter wheat for water saving as well as high yield and quality.