CAJ | 학술논문

作为防治或根除重大害虫最为有效的手段之一，害虫遗传防治在世界范围内被广泛采用并取得了巨大成功。本文综述了不育昆虫技术、雌性致死系统和昆虫显性致死技术等经典害虫遗传防治策略的发展历史、技术特点和应用情况。近年来，许多新的分子生物手段被不断提出并整合到害虫遗传防治策略中，包括归巢核酸内切酶基因、锌指核酸酶、转录激活因子样效应因子核酸酶、CRISPR/Cas9系统、Medea元件、Killer-Rescue系统、Wolbachia-细胞质不亲和性系统等。基于这些新的工具手段，许多国家已经在不同程度上启动了下一代害虫遗传防治项目。而我国在该领域的研究相对薄弱，需要在借鉴国外成功经验的同时，进一步加强害虫遗传防治的基础和应用研究，从而实现本地有害生物的可持续治理和外来入侵生物的有效狙击，确保我国未来的粮食和生态安全。
작위방치혹근제중대해충최위유효적수단지일，해충유전방치재세계범위내피엄범채용병취득료거대성공。본문종술료불육곤충기술、자성치사계통화곤충현성치사기술등경전해충유전방치책략적발전역사、기술특점화응용정황。근년래，허다신적분자생물수단피불단제출병정합도해충유전방치책략중，포괄귀소핵산내절매기인、자지핵산매、전록격활인자양효응인자핵산매、CRISPR/Cas9계통、Medea원건、Killer-Rescue계통、Wolbachia-세포질불친화성계통등。기우저사신적공구수단，허다국가이경재불동정도상계동료하일대해충유전방치항목。이아국재해영역적연구상대박약，수요재차감국외성공경험적동시，진일보가강해충유전방치적기출화응용연구，종이실현본지유해생물적가지속치리화외래입침생물적유효저격，학보아국미래적양식화생태안전。
Genetic pest management ( GPM) is one of the most efficient methods to control or eradicate insect pests and has been carried out worldwide with notable successes. Some classic GPM strategies including the sterile insect technology ( SIT) , female kill-ing system ( FKS) and release of insects carrying dominant lethality ( RIDL) are reviewed here. The development history, technical characters and application of SIT, FKS and RIDL technologies are introduced. In recent years, many new molecular or biological tools like the homing endonuclease gene, zinc-finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases, CRISPR/Cas9 sys-tem, medea element, the killer-rescue system and the Wolbachia-cytoplasmic incompatibility system were proposed to improve GPM efficiency. Some new tools were already used in control programs as next generation GPM strategies in some countries. The GPM practice in China is limited, and both basic and applied research on GPM should be enhanced, as the GPM technology can help with the sustainable management of some major pests and contribute to food production and human health in China.