河南农业科学
河南農業科學
하남농업과학
JOURNAL OF HENAN AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
2015年
6期
38-42
,共5页
陈玉国%李小杰%王海涛%李淑君%李成军%朱景伟%王留臣%宋鹏飞
陳玉國%李小傑%王海濤%李淑君%李成軍%硃景偉%王留臣%宋鵬飛
진옥국%리소걸%왕해도%리숙군%리성군%주경위%왕류신%송붕비
烤烟%有机肥%农艺性状%抗病性%品质
烤煙%有機肥%農藝性狀%抗病性%品質
고연%유궤비%농예성상%항병성%품질
flue-cured tobacco%organic fertilizer%agronomic character%disease resistance%quality
为探讨有机无机肥配施对烤烟生长、抗病性及品质的影响,为烤烟降焦、增香、减害提供技术支撑,通过田间试验,在主要营养元素氮、钾施用量相等条件下,设置有机氮施用量占总施氮量不同配比处理,研究腐熟的牛圈粪、有机芝麻饼肥、豆浆对烤烟生长、抗病性和品质的影响。结果表明,与纯施化肥(对照)相比,配施腐熟牛圈粪、芝麻饼肥和豆浆且有机氮施用量占总施氮量64%处理能够显著促进烟株生长发育,改善烟株的农艺性状;烟株对病毒病的抗性增强,其发病率和病情指数较对照降低31.03%和38.63%,对赤星病的防效也达到了46.91%;烤烟质量和产值显著增加,与对照相比,其上等烟比例、上中等烟比例、均价和产值分别提高31.84%、19.45%、24.40%、26.34%。各有机肥处理烤后烟叶化学成分含量适中,还原糖/总糖比值、还原糖/烟碱比值、K2 O/Cl比值趋于协调,可明显改善烟叶香气质,增加烟叶香气量。
為探討有機無機肥配施對烤煙生長、抗病性及品質的影響,為烤煙降焦、增香、減害提供技術支撐,通過田間試驗,在主要營養元素氮、鉀施用量相等條件下,設置有機氮施用量佔總施氮量不同配比處理,研究腐熟的牛圈糞、有機芝痳餅肥、豆漿對烤煙生長、抗病性和品質的影響。結果錶明,與純施化肥(對照)相比,配施腐熟牛圈糞、芝痳餅肥和豆漿且有機氮施用量佔總施氮量64%處理能夠顯著促進煙株生長髮育,改善煙株的農藝性狀;煙株對病毒病的抗性增彊,其髮病率和病情指數較對照降低31.03%和38.63%,對赤星病的防效也達到瞭46.91%;烤煙質量和產值顯著增加,與對照相比,其上等煙比例、上中等煙比例、均價和產值分彆提高31.84%、19.45%、24.40%、26.34%。各有機肥處理烤後煙葉化學成分含量適中,還原糖/總糖比值、還原糖/煙堿比值、K2 O/Cl比值趨于協調,可明顯改善煙葉香氣質,增加煙葉香氣量。
위탐토유궤무궤비배시대고연생장、항병성급품질적영향,위고연강초、증향、감해제공기술지탱,통과전간시험,재주요영양원소담、갑시용량상등조건하,설치유궤담시용량점총시담량불동배비처리,연구부숙적우권분、유궤지마병비、두장대고연생장、항병성화품질적영향。결과표명,여순시화비(대조)상비,배시부숙우권분、지마병비화두장차유궤담시용량점총시담량64%처리능구현저촉진연주생장발육,개선연주적농예성상;연주대병독병적항성증강,기발병솔화병정지수교대조강저31.03%화38.63%,대적성병적방효야체도료46.91%;고연질량화산치현저증가,여대조상비,기상등연비례、상중등연비례、균개화산치분별제고31.84%、19.45%、24.40%、26.34%。각유궤비처리고후연협화학성분함량괄중,환원당/총당비치、환원당/연감비치、K2 O/Cl비치추우협조,가명현개선연협향기질,증가연협향기량。
In order to explore the effects of organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer on tobacco growth,disease resistance,quality and provide technical support for reducing coke and harm,the field ex-periment was done to investigate the growth,disease resistance and quality of flue-cured tobacco by app-lying different types of organic fertilizer such as full well-rotted cow dung, sesame-seed cake and soya-bean milk in the condition of the same supply of N,K and different percent of organic-N in total N. The results showed that the full well-rotted cow dung,sesame-seed cake and soya-bean milk under the organic-N amount of 64%,could significantly promote the flue-cured tobacco growth and improve agronomic traits. The resistance of tobacco plant to the virus disease was enhanced,with the disease incidence and index were reduced by 31. 03% and 38. 63% compared with the control(only chemical fertilizer),and its con-trol effect on Alternaria alternata also reached 46 . 91%. The quality and output value of flue-cured toba-cco were increased significantly,and the proportion of upper tobacco leaves,the proportion of upper and middle tobacco leaves, average price and the output value were increased by 31. 84%, 19. 45%, 24. 40%,26. 34% respectively compared with the control. Tobacco of organic fertilizer treatments could obtain high quality leaves containing the suitable ratio of reducing sugar/total sugar,reducing sugar/nico-tine and K2 O/Cl. The sensory evaluation indicated that high flavor quality of leaves which had the characteris-tics of good aroma quantity and full aroma quality could be obtained by the organic fertilizer treatment.