工程地质学报
工程地質學報
공정지질학보
2015年
3期
361-372
,共12页
滑坡堵江编目%遥感解译标志%信息量模型%几何特征参数
滑坡堵江編目%遙感解譯標誌%信息量模型%幾何特徵參數
활파도강편목%요감해역표지%신식량모형%궤하특정삼수
Landslide dams inventory%Remote sensing interpretation key%Information value model%Geometry features
滑坡堵江数据获取与编目是其区域研究开展的基础。喜马拉雅山脉地处中国西南边陲，新构造运动强烈，滑坡堵江事件频发，在产生巨大经济损失的同时也造成了不良国际影响。鉴于该区区域滑坡堵江现场调查难以开展的问题，本文利用遥感技术、地理信息技术，结合野外验证获取了区内136处滑坡堵江事件的空间位置、基本属性和几何形态，建立了中国喜马拉雅山地区滑坡堵江编目。区内滑坡堵江集中分布在米林、札达、加查、错那、隆子、郎县等县，成因类型以滑坡、崩塌、泥石流为主。基于环境要素信息量计算得出该区滑坡堵江的易发程度随高程、坡度、地震加速度的增大先增大后减小，随地震点密度增大先减小后增大，随构造线密度增大逐渐增大，随与水系距离增大逐渐减小。不同坡向中，西向斜坡更容易诱发滑坡堵江，东南坡向最不容易诱发滑坡堵江。高位高山地貌类型、地层条件中的朗县构造混杂岩组和坚硬岩组，构造分区中的高喜马拉雅分区和雅鲁藏布江分区是滑坡堵江形成的有利条件。对比各环境要素不同类别的信息量取值认为影响该区滑坡堵江事件形成的主要背景因素是高程、地貌类型、地层岩组、构造分区和地震点密度。这些滑坡堵江事件几何参数的研究结果表明坝体长度－坝体面积与滑坡面积－坝体面积之间具有拟合程度较高的乘幂函数关系，而其他参数间的相关性并不突出。
滑坡堵江數據穫取與編目是其區域研究開展的基礎。喜馬拉雅山脈地處中國西南邊陲，新構造運動彊烈，滑坡堵江事件頻髮，在產生巨大經濟損失的同時也造成瞭不良國際影響。鑒于該區區域滑坡堵江現場調查難以開展的問題，本文利用遙感技術、地理信息技術，結閤野外驗證穫取瞭區內136處滑坡堵江事件的空間位置、基本屬性和幾何形態，建立瞭中國喜馬拉雅山地區滑坡堵江編目。區內滑坡堵江集中分佈在米林、札達、加查、錯那、隆子、郎縣等縣，成因類型以滑坡、崩塌、泥石流為主。基于環境要素信息量計算得齣該區滑坡堵江的易髮程度隨高程、坡度、地震加速度的增大先增大後減小，隨地震點密度增大先減小後增大，隨構造線密度增大逐漸增大，隨與水繫距離增大逐漸減小。不同坡嚮中，西嚮斜坡更容易誘髮滑坡堵江，東南坡嚮最不容易誘髮滑坡堵江。高位高山地貌類型、地層條件中的朗縣構造混雜巖組和堅硬巖組，構造分區中的高喜馬拉雅分區和雅魯藏佈江分區是滑坡堵江形成的有利條件。對比各環境要素不同類彆的信息量取值認為影響該區滑坡堵江事件形成的主要揹景因素是高程、地貌類型、地層巖組、構造分區和地震點密度。這些滑坡堵江事件幾何參數的研究結果錶明壩體長度－壩體麵積與滑坡麵積－壩體麵積之間具有擬閤程度較高的乘冪函數關繫，而其他參數間的相關性併不突齣。
활파도강수거획취여편목시기구역연구개전적기출。희마랍아산맥지처중국서남변수，신구조운동강렬，활파도강사건빈발，재산생거대경제손실적동시야조성료불량국제영향。감우해구구역활파도강현장조사난이개전적문제，본문이용요감기술、지리신식기술，결합야외험증획취료구내136처활파도강사건적공간위치、기본속성화궤하형태，건립료중국희마랍아산지구활파도강편목。구내활파도강집중분포재미림、찰체、가사、착나、륭자、랑현등현，성인류형이활파、붕탑、니석류위주。기우배경요소신식량계산득출해구활파도강적역발정도수고정、파도、지진가속도적증대선증대후감소，수지진점밀도증대선감소후증대，수구조선밀도증대축점증대，수여수계거리증대축점감소。불동파향중，서향사파경용역유발활파도강，동남파향최불용역유발활파도강。고위고산지모류형、지층조건중적랑현구조혼잡암조화견경암조，구조분구중적고희마랍아분구화아로장포강분구시활파도강형성적유리조건。대비각배경요소불동유별적신식량취치인위영향해구활파도강사건형성적주요배경인소시고정、지모류형、지층암조、구조분구화지진점밀도。저사활파도강사건궤하삼수적연구결과표명패체장도－패체면적여활파면적－패체면적지간구유의합정도교고적승멱함수관계，이기타삼수간적상관성병불돌출。
Data acquisition and inventory of landslide dams are the foundation of their regional research.Himalaya is located in the southwest of China.A number of landslide dams occurred here and brought serious property losses, as well as undesirable international influence.This paper is based on Remote Sensing and Geographic Information technologies.It obtains 136 landslide dams.Their spatial location,basic attributes and geometry features are obtained by RS image information extraction and field investigation.Then the landslide dams inventory is finished.It is found that the landslide dams are mainly caused by landslide,collapse and debris flow.The dams have the regional feature of concentrating distribution among Milin, Zhada, Jiacha, Cuona, Longzi and Longxian. Calculating information values of influence factors,it is found that landslide dam susceptibility increases at first, then decreases with the increase of elevation,slope and seismic acceleration.It decreases at first,then increases with the increase of seismic dot density.It also increases with the increase of tectonic line density,and decreases with the increase of distance to river.West slope,high mountain,Langxian tectonic melange and hard rock of lithology,High Himalaya tectonic region and Yarlu Zangbo tectonic region are the favorable factors of landslide dam formation.In view to the information values,among all the influence factors,elevation,geomorphic type, lithological characteristics and seismic dot density are more closely related to landslide dam susceptibility.As to the geometry features,there is a typical power function relation between dam length and dam area,as well as landslide area and dam area.Nevertheless,the relations between other geometry parameters are not striking.
