CAJ | 학술논문

针对目前国内外对正面碰撞后期，驾驶员在安全气囊反弹力与安全带约束力作用下，向后复位运动，其腰部与座椅靠背接触后的颈部伤害研究很少的现状，进行了驾驶员上、下颈部运动状态研究，并分析座椅特征参数对颈部伤害的影响。为此以某型轿车乘员室相关尺寸和性能参数为依据，采用碰撞仿真软件 MADYMO 建立了驾驶员约束系统仿真模型，并进行仿真与试验验证。结果表明：减小座椅头枕刚度，可降低上颈部伸张弯矩峰值；减小靠背上部刚度与靠背倾角调节器转动刚度，可显著降低上、下颈部伸张弯矩峰值和颈部伤害指标 Nkm与 Nij；增加头枕前倾角，可大幅降低下颈部伸张弯矩峰值，但过大的头枕前倾角会增大颈部伤害指标。
침대목전국내외대정면팽당후기，가사원재안전기낭반탄력여안전대약속력작용하，향후복위운동，기요부여좌의고배접촉후적경부상해연구흔소적현상，진행료가사원상、하경부운동상태연구，병분석좌의특정삼수대경부상해적영향。위차이모형교차승원실상관척촌화성능삼수위의거，채용팽당방진연건 MADYMO 건립료가사원약속계통방진모형，병진행방진여시험험증。결과표명：감소좌의두침강도，가강저상경부신장만구봉치；감소고배상부강도여고배경각조절기전동강도，가현저강저상、하경부신장만구봉치화경부상해지표 Nkm여 Nij；증가두침전경각，가대폭강저하경부신장만구봉치，단과대적두침전경각회증대경부상해지표。
In view of the present situation of the lack of research on the neck injury in the later stage of crash process after driver backs to seat with his waist pressing against seat back under the actions of air bag reaction force and the constraint force of seat belt, the movement states of driver’s upper and lower necks is studied to ana-lyze the effects of seat parameters on neck injuries. To this end, based on the related dimension of passenger com-partment and performance parameters of a car, a simulation model for the constraint system of driver is built with crash simulation software MADYMO and a simulation is conducted and verified by tests. The results indicate that the peak stretch bending moment of upper neck decreases with the reduction of headrest stiffness while decreasing the stiffness of upper seat back and the rotational stiffness of seatback recliner can significantly reduce the peak stretch bending moments of both upper and lower neck and neck injury indicators Nkm and Nij . Reasonably increasing the forward inclination of headrest can greatly reduce the peak stretch bending moment of lower neck, but over doing may lead to the increase of neck injury indicators.