水生生物学报
水生生物學報
수생생물학보
ACTA HYDROBIOLOGICA SINICA
2015年
3期
507-516
,共10页
李晓莉%陶玲%张世羊%赵晓杰%陆光全%李谷
李曉莉%陶玲%張世羊%趙曉傑%陸光全%李穀
리효리%도령%장세양%조효걸%륙광전%리곡
草鱼养殖池塘%新型陶粒浮床%浮游植物%水质
草魚養殖池塘%新型陶粒浮床%浮遊植物%水質
초어양식지당%신형도립부상%부유식물%수질
Grass crap's culture ponds%A new ceramsite ecological floating bed%Phytoplankton%Water quality
为了探讨陶粒浮床对草鱼养殖池塘浮游植物群落结构的影响, 将6个池塘随机分为两组, 分别为浮床组和对照组, 2013年5—10月对养殖池塘的藻类群落结构和水质因子进行定期采样分析.结果表明:浮床组池塘水体透明度显著高于对照组(P<0.05), 养殖后期, 浮床组主要营养盐指标显著低于对照组(P<0.05), 微生物总数显著高于对照组(P<0.05).水质理化指标波动范围小, 系统稳定性较强.试验期间共检出浮游藻类8门111属179种, 其中绿藻93种, 蓝藻25种, 硅藻23种, 裸藻17种, 黄藻6种, 甲藻5种, 金藻5种, 隐藻 5种.在养殖中后期, 陶粒浮床对藻类的种类组成有显著影响, 藻类种数明显高于对照组, 浮床组和对照组浮游植物数量范围分别为101. 95×106—614.95 ×106 ind./L和151.43×106—612.60 ×106 ind./L,生物量范围分别为90.79—402.85 mg/L和116.33—831.55 mg/L,到养殖中后期(8月份以后),对照组浮游植物的生物量显著高于浮床组(P<0.05).绿藻门和蓝藻门的贡献率一直占总密度的90%以上.浮游植物群落呈明显的季节变化, 绿藻门呈先降低后升高的趋势, 蓝藻门相反.试验初期浮游植物的优势种为栅藻; 在试验开始30d后,浮床组栅藻继续保持优势藻的地位,对照组的优势种则变为平裂藻和微囊藻; 7—8月份,浮床组和对照组的优势种均为蓝藻门的平裂藻, 9月份后优势藻逐渐由栅藻和绿球藻取代.浮床组和对照组藻类多样性指数无显著差异,物种丰富度均呈逐渐下降的趋势,范围为3.16—5.59, Shannon指数和Simpson指数均呈先降低后升高的趋势, 范围分别为1.50—2.46和0.54—0.87.陶粒浮床对改善池塘水质、丰富藻类种类组成、降低过高生物量和微囊藻爆发的风险有一定作用.
為瞭探討陶粒浮床對草魚養殖池塘浮遊植物群落結構的影響, 將6箇池塘隨機分為兩組, 分彆為浮床組和對照組, 2013年5—10月對養殖池塘的藻類群落結構和水質因子進行定期採樣分析.結果錶明:浮床組池塘水體透明度顯著高于對照組(P<0.05), 養殖後期, 浮床組主要營養鹽指標顯著低于對照組(P<0.05), 微生物總數顯著高于對照組(P<0.05).水質理化指標波動範圍小, 繫統穩定性較彊.試驗期間共檢齣浮遊藻類8門111屬179種, 其中綠藻93種, 藍藻25種, 硅藻23種, 裸藻17種, 黃藻6種, 甲藻5種, 金藻5種, 隱藻 5種.在養殖中後期, 陶粒浮床對藻類的種類組成有顯著影響, 藻類種數明顯高于對照組, 浮床組和對照組浮遊植物數量範圍分彆為101. 95×106—614.95 ×106 ind./L和151.43×106—612.60 ×106 ind./L,生物量範圍分彆為90.79—402.85 mg/L和116.33—831.55 mg/L,到養殖中後期(8月份以後),對照組浮遊植物的生物量顯著高于浮床組(P<0.05).綠藻門和藍藻門的貢獻率一直佔總密度的90%以上.浮遊植物群落呈明顯的季節變化, 綠藻門呈先降低後升高的趨勢, 藍藻門相反.試驗初期浮遊植物的優勢種為柵藻; 在試驗開始30d後,浮床組柵藻繼續保持優勢藻的地位,對照組的優勢種則變為平裂藻和微囊藻; 7—8月份,浮床組和對照組的優勢種均為藍藻門的平裂藻, 9月份後優勢藻逐漸由柵藻和綠毬藻取代.浮床組和對照組藻類多樣性指數無顯著差異,物種豐富度均呈逐漸下降的趨勢,範圍為3.16—5.59, Shannon指數和Simpson指數均呈先降低後升高的趨勢, 範圍分彆為1.50—2.46和0.54—0.87.陶粒浮床對改善池塘水質、豐富藻類種類組成、降低過高生物量和微囊藻爆髮的風險有一定作用.
위료탐토도립부상대초어양식지당부유식물군락결구적영향, 장6개지당수궤분위량조, 분별위부상조화대조조, 2013년5—10월대양식지당적조류군락결구화수질인자진행정기채양분석.결과표명:부상조지당수체투명도현저고우대조조(P<0.05), 양식후기, 부상조주요영양염지표현저저우대조조(P<0.05), 미생물총수현저고우대조조(P<0.05).수질이화지표파동범위소, 계통은정성교강.시험기간공검출부유조류8문111속179충, 기중록조93충, 람조25충, 규조23충, 라조17충, 황조6충, 갑조5충, 금조5충, 은조 5충.재양식중후기, 도립부상대조류적충류조성유현저영향, 조류충수명현고우대조조, 부상조화대조조부유식물수량범위분별위101. 95×106—614.95 ×106 ind./L화151.43×106—612.60 ×106 ind./L,생물량범위분별위90.79—402.85 mg/L화116.33—831.55 mg/L,도양식중후기(8월빈이후),대조조부유식물적생물량현저고우부상조(P<0.05).록조문화람조문적공헌솔일직점총밀도적90%이상.부유식물군락정명현적계절변화, 록조문정선강저후승고적추세, 람조문상반.시험초기부유식물적우세충위책조; 재시험개시30d후,부상조책조계속보지우세조적지위,대조조적우세충칙변위평렬조화미낭조; 7—8월빈,부상조화대조조적우세충균위람조문적평렬조, 9월빈후우세조축점유책조화록구조취대.부상조화대조조조류다양성지수무현저차이,물충봉부도균정축점하강적추세,범위위3.16—5.59, Shannon지수화Simpson지수균정선강저후승고적추세, 범위분별위1.50—2.46화0.54—0.87.도립부상대개선지당수질、봉부조류충류조성、강저과고생물량화미낭조폭발적풍험유일정작용.
In order to study the effects of a new ceramsite ecological floating bed on the phytoplankton community in fishponds, we conducted continuous and regular surveys on the phytoplankton community and the water quality indexes in six grass crap culture ponds from May to October in 2013. Ceramsite ecological floating beds were applied in three ponds as the test groups and the other three were the control groups. During the culture period, we identified 179 species that belonged to 8 phyla and 111 genera. Ninety-three species were Chlorophyta, 25 were Cyanophyta, 23 were Bacil-lariophyta, 17 were Euglenophyta, 6 were Xanthophyta, 5 were Dinophyta, 5 were Cryptophyta and 5 were Chrysophyta. In the presence of the new ceramsite ecological floating bed, the test groups exhibited higher water transparency and lower concentrations of major nutritive salts compared to the control, and there was little fluctuation in the physi-cal-chemical indexes during the culture. There was a remarkable difference in the planktonic algae community between the test and the control groups in the middle and later culture period. In the mean while, the number of species in the test groups was higher than that in the control groups. There was a insignificant difference in the quantity of phytoplankton between the test and the control groups of which the ranges were 101.95×106—614.95×106 ind./L and 151.43×106—612.60×106 ind./L respectively. The ranges of biomass were 90.79—402.85 mg/L and 116.33—831.55 mg/L respectively, which were significantly different between the two groups in the middle and later culture period. The contribution of Chlorophyta and Cyanophyta was over 90%. The structure of phytoplankton community showed an ob-vious seasonal variation: the density and biomass of Chlorophyta first increased and then decreased, while those of Cyanophyta had an opposite trend. In the beginning, Scenedesmus was the dominant species in all ponds; a month later, Merismopedia and Microcystis were dominant in the control and Scenedesmus in the test groups; Merismopedia was the dominant species in July and August and then Scenedesmus and Chlorococcum became dominant. There was an insig-nificant difference between the test and the control groups in terms of the diversity index, and the ranges of species richness, Shannon-Weiner Index and Simpson's diversity index were 3.16—5.59, 1.50—2.46 and 0.54—0.87 respec-tively. Ecological Floating Bed may help improve the water quality, enrich the algae species components, and reduce the risks of overly high biomass and harmful algae blooms.
