CAJ | 학술논문

环评倍受关注，主要因为其作为环保部门的最大权力，不仅没有起到预防污染发生的作用，反而成了一些不正当利益输送的通道。本文从回顾环评在中国的发展历程和剖析环保部门、建设单位或规划编制机关、环评机构在环评中的相互关系入手，试图回答“作为环保部门最大权力为什么预防不住环境污染”的问题。研究认为，应以促进环评回归其本质作为环评制度改革的目标，按“环评脱钩→环评审批→环境违法严惩→维护公众环境权益”优先顺序，全面推进环评制度改革；环评脱钩是环评制度改革的切入点或起点；环评制度改革须抓住“如何防止环评及干预环评的任性权力”这一关键点，即环评制度改革的“牛鼻子”应是环评审批；以信息公开、社会监督确保事中有效监督，确保公众环境权益、强化污染者的损害担责，倒逼环评回归其本质；以法治和社会监督防止环评及干预环评的权力任性。
배평배수관주，주요인위기작위배보부문적최대권력，불부몰유기도예방오염발생적작용，반이성료일사불정당이익수송적통도。본문종회고배평재중국적발전역정화부석배보부문、건설단위혹규화편제궤관、배평궤구재배평중적상호관계입수，시도회답“작위배보부문최대권력위십요예방불주배경오염”적문제。연구인위，응이촉진배평회귀기본질작위배평제도개혁적목표，안“배평탈구→배평심비→배경위법엄징→유호공음배경권익”우선순서，전면추진배평제도개혁；배평탈구시배평제도개혁적절입점혹기점；배평제도개혁수조주“여하방지배평급간예배평적임성권력”저일관건점，즉배평제도개혁적“우비자”응시배평심비；이신식공개、사회감독학보사중유효감독，학보공음배경권익、강화오염자적손해담책，도핍배평회귀기본질；이법치화사회감독방지배평급간예배평적권력임성。
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) draws widely attention recently, mainly because regarded as the biggest power of the Environmental Protection Department (EPD), it becomes some improper-interest transmission channel but can’t prevent pollutions. This paper reviews the development of EIA in China, and analyzes the relations among the EPD, the Construction or Planning Institutes, EIA Consultants in EIA, trying to answer“Why EIA as the environmental protection department's largest power can’t prevent pollution”. This research shows that promoting EIA return to its essence should be the goal of EIA’s reform, according to the“EIA Consultants decoupling from the EPD, Examination and Approval of EIA, Illegal-Punishment in EIA, maintenance of Public environmental rights and interests” priorities, systematically and comprehensively promote the EIA’s reform: EIA Consultants decoupling from EPD is the starting point of EIA’s reform; EIA’s reform must seize“how to prevent the capricious power of EIA and the intervention on EIA”, namely the reform "key knots" should be the EIA’s Examination and Approval; Information Disclosure and Public Participation promotes social effective supervision, to ensure the Public’s environmental rights and interests, to strengthen the polluters damage liability, to push reversed transmission of EIA to its essence, to prevent the capricious power of EIA and the intervention on EIA through the rule of law and social supervision.