物理
物理
물리
2015年
5期
298-303
,共6页
原子核形变%反射不对称性%四面体对称性%反射不对称壳模型%在束伽马谱学
原子覈形變%反射不對稱性%四麵體對稱性%反射不對稱殼模型%在束伽馬譜學
원자핵형변%반사불대칭성%사면체대칭성%반사불대칭각모형%재속가마보학
nuclear deformation%reflection asymmetry%tetrahedral symmetry%reflection asymmetric shell model%in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy
除了几个幻数核呈球形外,原子核大都是变形的,例如椭球形.现代核物理实验已发现,原子核可以呈"梨形"形变,即具有反射不对称性.理论研究预言,原子核还可能具有"金字塔"形变,即四面体对称性,而实验上还未找到原子核的这种新对称性.文章从强相互作用量子多体体系的对称性及其破缺的基本规律出发,阐明原子核四面体形变的形成机制,并介绍其理论描述.同时讨论寻找四面体形变原子核的基本方法和最新实验研究进展.
除瞭幾箇幻數覈呈毬形外,原子覈大都是變形的,例如橢毬形.現代覈物理實驗已髮現,原子覈可以呈"梨形"形變,即具有反射不對稱性.理論研究預言,原子覈還可能具有"金字塔"形變,即四麵體對稱性,而實驗上還未找到原子覈的這種新對稱性.文章從彊相互作用量子多體體繫的對稱性及其破缺的基本規律齣髮,闡明原子覈四麵體形變的形成機製,併介紹其理論描述.同時討論尋找四麵體形變原子覈的基本方法和最新實驗研究進展.
제료궤개환수핵정구형외,원자핵대도시변형적,례여타구형.현대핵물리실험이발현,원자핵가이정"리형"형변,즉구유반사불대칭성.이론연구예언,원자핵환가능구유"금자탑"형변,즉사면체대칭성,이실험상환미조도원자핵적저충신대칭성.문장종강상호작용양자다체체계적대칭성급기파결적기본규률출발,천명원자핵사면체형변적형성궤제,병개소기이론묘술.동시토론심조사면체형변원자핵적기본방법화최신실험연구진전.
Atomic nuclei are usually deformed except for a few magic nuclei which are spherical in shape. Modern nuclear experiments have discovered that some nuclei may have a pear-like shape, with reflection asymmetry. According to theory, other nuclei may also have a pyr-amid-like shape with tetrahedral symmetry, but this new nuclear symmetry has not yet been dis-covered experimentally. This paper aims to explain the formation mechanism of the tetrahedral symmetry as well as give a theoretical description based on the symmetry and symmetry-break-ing of a quantum strong interaction many-body system. The basic ways to search for tetrahedral nuclei and recent experimental developments are also discussed.
