CAJ | 학술논문

通过土豆培养基平板对峙试验,筛选出一株对草莓炭疽病病原有拮抗活性的木霉菌菌株Tr78.经液体发酵和剂型处理,制成含2×108个/g活孢子可湿性粉剂,对在露地和设施2种育苗方式下的草莓炭疽病进行田间药效测试,草莓测试品种为红颜.对病情指数和木霉菌孢子在草莓苗叶片和根表面定殖数的统计,是在对2种育苗方式草莓苗的第1次处理后的90 d(7月中旬)和110 d(8月上旬)进行的;死苗率的统计是在将2种育苗方式的草莓苗移栽到大棚后第30天进行的.结果表明:在2种育苗环境下,Tr78喷雾(T-1)和化学药剂喷雾(T-3)处理之间,草莓苗的病情指数和死苗率均无显著性差异,而它们的病情指数和死苗率分别显著性地(P≤0.05)低于清水喷雾(T-4)对照处理,但显著性地(P≤0.05)高于Tr78灌根+喷雾(T-2)处理.在防治效果方面,处理T-1和T-3之间也无显著性差异,但显著性地(P≤0.05)低于处理T-2,这与Tr78在草莓苗根表面(P≤0.01)的定殖数有显著的线性相关性,即Tr78在草莓苗根表面的定殖数越高,防治效果越好.总体来说,在大棚育苗环境下,经各项处理的草莓苗的病情指数和死苗率都明显低于它们各自在露地环境下的草莓苗.
통과토두배양기평판대치시험,사선출일주대초매탄저병병원유길항활성적목매균균주Tr78.경액체발효화제형처리,제성함2×108개/g활포자가습성분제,대재로지화설시2충육묘방식하적초매탄저병진행전간약효측시,초매측시품충위홍안.대병정지수화목매균포자재초매묘협편화근표면정식수적통계,시재대2충육묘방식초매묘적제1차처리후적90 d(7월중순)화110 d(8월상순)진행적;사묘솔적통계시재장2충육묘방식적초매묘이재도대붕후제30천진행적.결과표명:재2충육묘배경하,Tr78분무(T-1)화화학약제분무(T-3)처리지간,초매묘적병정지수화사묘솔균무현저성차이,이타문적병정지수화사묘솔분별현저성지(P≤0.05)저우청수분무(T-4)대조처리,단현저성지(P≤0.05)고우Tr78관근+분무(T-2)처리.재방치효과방면,처리T-1화T-3지간야무현저성차이,단현저성지(P≤0.05)저우처리T-2,저여Tr78재초매묘근표면(P≤0.01)적정식수유현저적선성상관성,즉Tr78재초매묘근표면적정식수월고,방치효과월호.총체래설,재대붕육묘배경하,경각항처리적초매묘적병정지수화사묘솔도명현저우타문각자재로지배경하적초매묘.
One Trichoderma spp.isolate Tr78 was selected by conducting an antagonistic screening test on petri dishes with potato dextrose agar (PDA) ,which showed antagonistic effect on suppressing the pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioid.es of strawberry seedling.A wettable powder(WP) formulation containing 2×108 /g viable spores was made through the processes of liquid fermentation and formulation, which was then used for the field efficacy tests on preventing the disease under plastic-tunnel and open field conditions.The variety of tested strawberry was HongYan(Red Cheeks).The data of disease severity (DS)and the colony forming units(CFU)of Tr78 on the surface of the seedling leaves and roots were collected on the dates of 90 (middle June) and 110 (early August) respectively, after the seedlings were transplanted into the seedling beds under both cultivating conditions.The data of dead seedling( DSe ) was collected 30 days after the seedlings were transplanted from both conditions into plastic-tunnel fields.The results indicated that there were no significant differences on DS and DSe between the treatments of Tr78 mist spray(T-1)and chemical spray(T-3).However, the parameters of DS and DSe of T-1 and T-3 were significantly (P≤ 0.05)lower than those in the treatment of water spray (T-4, control) , but higher (P≤ 0.05) than those in the treatment of Tr78 root-drench + mist spray(T-2).There was no significant differences on the efficacy rate(%)of disease control (ERDC) between the treatments ofT-1 and T-3 , however, the parameters of the ERDC of T-1 and T-3 were significantly(P≤0.05)lower(P≤ 0.05) than those in T-2, which revealed a significant linear response with the inoculum levels of Tr78 on the surface of the seedling roots (P ≤0.01) , thus the more amount of the CFU of Tr78 colonized on the surface of the seedling roots,the better ERDC.In general,the parameters of DS and DSe in all treatments under plastic-tunnel condition were lower than those treatments under open field condition.