CAJ | 학술논문

目的：了解我国城市社区卫生人力资源现状，并对2009－2012年城市社区卫生人力资源按人口分布和按地理面积分布的公平性进行分析研究，为政府进一步发展基层卫生服务提供政策依据。方法通过查阅《中国卫生统计年鉴》和《中国统计年鉴》等资料，对我国城市社区卫生人力资源的相关数据进行统计描述，并采用基尼系数和洛伦兹曲线对卫生人力资源配置的公平性进行测量和分析。结果2012年，我国城市社区医护比例为1∶0．77，护士比例有待提高；卫生技术人员的学历主要集中在专科，2012年我国城市社区卫生技术人员高级、中级和初级职称之比为1∶5．6∶17．7，卫生人员的学历和职称均需进一步提升；2009—2012年我国城市社区卫生人力资源按人口配置的基尼系数均在0．3以下，按地理面积配置的基尼系数均在0．4以上，超过警戒状态，城市社区卫生人力资源配置的人口公平性明显优于地理公平性。结论2009—2012年我国城市社区卫生人力资源的配备不断加强，按人口配置的公平性值得肯定，但应优化卫生人力资源结构，提高卫生人力资源的质量，同时进一步缩小东中西部间的区域差异，增加社区卫生服务地理上的可及性。
목적：료해아국성시사구위생인력자원현상，병대2009－2012년성시사구위생인력자원안인구분포화안지리면적분포적공평성진행분석연구，위정부진일보발전기층위생복무제공정책의거。방법통과사열《중국위생통계년감》화《중국통계년감》등자료，대아국성시사구위생인력자원적상관수거진행통계묘술，병채용기니계수화락륜자곡선대위생인력자원배치적공평성진행측량화분석。결과2012년，아국성시사구의호비례위1∶0．77，호사비례유대제고；위생기술인원적학력주요집중재전과，2012년아국성시사구위생기술인원고급、중급화초급직칭지비위1∶5．6∶17．7，위생인원적학력화직칭균수진일보제승；2009—2012년아국성시사구위생인력자원안인구배치적기니계수균재0．3이하，안지리면적배치적기니계수균재0．4이상，초과경계상태，성시사구위생인력자원배치적인구공평성명현우우지리공평성。결론2009—2012년아국성시사구위생인력자원적배비불단가강，안인구배치적공평성치득긍정，단응우화위생인력자원결구，제고위생인력자원적질량，동시진일보축소동중서부간적구역차이，증가사구위생복무지리상적가급성。
Objective This research endeavors to reveal the current situation of health human resources in the urban communities in China ,and to analyze its distributional equity according to population and geography area from 2009 to 2012 .The paper tries to provide policy basis for government on the improvement of Health Services . Methods With consultation of China Health Statistical Yearbook ,China Statistical Yearbook ,etc .Statistics of relevance to the equity of health human resources in Chinese urban community is collected and analyzed .At the same time ,the distributional equity of Health Human Resources is measured and studied by the Gini coefficient and the Lorenz curve.Results In 2012 ,the proportion of health care is 1∶0 .77 in Chinese urban community ,and the proportion of nurses should be improved .Most of the medical technical personnel graduate from junior college . The proportion of their titles‐senior ,middle and junioris 1∶5 .6∶17 .7 .The diploma and title of medical person‐nel should be ratcheted up .From 2009 to 2012 ,the Gini coefficient of health human resources allotted according to population distribution in Chinese urban community was bellow 0 .3 ,while the Gini coefficient of health human re‐sources allotted according to geography area was more than 0 .4 ,surpassing the alert status .Hence ,the distribu‐tional equity based on population is apparently better than that based on geography area .Conclusion From 2009 to 2012 ,the allotment of health human resources in Chinese urban community is strengthened continually .The dis‐tributional equity based on population is worthy of appreciation .Nevertheless ,the structure of health human re‐sources should be improved ,so be the quality of the health human resources .On the other hand ,regional varia‐tion between western and eastern China should be reduced .Moreover ,geographical accessibility of community health services should be increased.