CAJ | 학술논문

孔子是第一个提出“以德治国”的伟大思想家。孔子认为“仁”德是个人道德修养的最高目标，是推行“以德治国”的基础。孔子在鬼神迷信盛行的春秋时期，强调“天之所生，地之所养，无人为大”的人本思想，第一次把人抬到鬼神之上，是人类认识史上的一个飞跃。推行“仁政”，天子、国君应率先修养个人道德，然后再以道德教化百姓。孔子主张德治为主，还必须辅之以刑法；“中庸之道”是以德治国的基本方法，也是人们应当遵守的道德准则。“以礼让为国”，反对战争，主张国与国之间和平相处，这些都是极其宝贵的精神财富。
공자시제일개제출“이덕치국”적위대사상가。공자인위“인”덕시개인도덕수양적최고목표，시추행“이덕치국”적기출。공자재귀신미신성행적춘추시기，강조“천지소생，지지소양，무인위대”적인본사상，제일차파인태도귀신지상，시인류인식사상적일개비약。추행“인정”，천자、국군응솔선수양개인도덕，연후재이도덕교화백성。공자주장덕치위주，환필수보지이형법；“중용지도”시이덕치국적기본방법，야시인문응당준수적도덕준칙。“이례양위국”，반대전쟁，주장국여국지간화평상처，저사도시겁기보귀적정신재부。
Confucius was the first thinker to propose The Rule of Virtue. He thought benevolence as the highest goal of individual moral cultivations and the basis of The Rule of Virtue. During the Spring&Autumn Period with su-perstition being prevailed, Confucius was the first people to emphasize the humanism thought of Nothing that was born in nature or grew up in nature is more important than man. This is a leap in the history of human cognition. To implement the rule of benevolence, the emperor or monarch should take the lead in the cultivation of individual mo-rality before cultivating the nationals. Confucius advocates the rule of virtue but supplemented by criminal laws;A Middle Course is the basic method of virtue, and also the moral code followed by people. He advocated peace be-tween nations to build a land of propriety and compliance against wars. All these are extremely valuable spiritual wealth of human beings.