CAJ | 학술논문

退耕还林还草是环县半干旱区调整产业结构的主方向，也是生态环境建设的一项重要工作，研究气候变化对其影响有重要现实意义。采用气候趋势系数、气候倾向率、累积距平、YAMAMOTO检验法分析了环县1957—2012年连续55年气象资料。结果表明：55年来，环县年平均气温增幅为0.43℃/10a，显著高于全国年平均气温增幅0.22℃/10a的水平，而且年平均气温在1987年存在偏冷向偏暖的突变现象，突变前后平均气温上升了1.2℃；55a来，年降水量呈减少趋势变化，减幅为15.4 mm/10a，年降水日数也呈减少趋势变化；气候暖干化，造成本区热量增加，光照丰富，也致使干旱、山洪、冰雹、霜冻等自然灾害加重，对退耕还林还草工作造成一定的影响。为了更好的应对气候变化带来的影响，建议该地应进行种植结构调整，由以粮为主转为以牧草、林木为主的经营模式，改善生态环境。退耕还林还草应走防护林和经济林相结合，乔、灌、草相结合的路子；应选抗旱性和抗寒性较强本土树种草种；草类、灌木可利用雨季进行直播造林，提高在荒山、荒坡、荒沟等地的造林面积，乔木宜选用植苗造林方式，在春、秋两季选取多株造林、遮阴造林等抗旱造林方法，喷洒增温保墒剂，提高成活率；大力发展“121”雨水集流等水利工程，整地蓄水保墒，以水养林养草。
퇴경환림환초시배현반간한구조정산업결구적주방향，야시생태배경건설적일항중요공작，연구기후변화대기영향유중요현실의의。채용기후추세계수、기후경향솔、루적거평、YAMAMOTO검험법분석료배현1957—2012년련속55년기상자료。결과표명：55년래，배현년평균기온증폭위0.43℃/10a，현저고우전국년평균기온증폭0.22℃/10a적수평，이차년평균기온재1987년존재편랭향편난적돌변현상，돌변전후평균기온상승료1.2℃；55a래，년강수량정감소추세변화，감폭위15.4 mm/10a，년강수일수야정감소추세변화；기후난간화，조성본구열량증가，광조봉부，야치사간한、산홍、빙박、상동등자연재해가중，대퇴경환림환초공작조성일정적영향。위료경호적응대기후변화대래적영향，건의해지응진행충식결구조정，유이량위주전위이목초、림목위주적경영모식，개선생태배경。퇴경환림환초응주방호림화경제림상결합，교、관、초상결합적로자；응선항한성화항한성교강본토수충초충；초류、관목가이용우계진행직파조림，제고재황산、황파、황구등지적조림면적，교목의선용식묘조림방식，재춘、추량계선취다주조림、차음조림등항한조림방법，분쇄증온보상제，제고성활솔；대력발전“121”우수집류등수리공정，정지축수보상，이수양림양초。
As the half arid area, returning farmland to forest and grassland, which is not only the main direction of adjusting the industrial structure, but also is an important work for the building of the ecological environment in Huanxian county. So, climate-studying has important practical significance to Returning farmland effect. This paper adopts research method of the climate tendency coefficient and climatic trend rate, cumulative anomaly, YAMAMOTO test, by analyzing the consecutive meteorological data from 1957 to 2012. The results showed that:over the past 55 years, the annual average temperature increase 0.43℃/10a, this is much higher than the national average temperature growth which is 0.22 ℃/ 10a .The annual average temperature is even a mutation phenomenon from cold to warm in 1987, before and after the mutation , temperature increased by 1.2 ℃; over the 55 years, it showed a trend of decrease of annual precipitation change, the damping is 15.4 mm/10 a, annual precipitation days also showed a trend of decrease. Climate is warm and dry, it increases in the heat and light and meanwhile, it also causes droughts, floods, hail, frost and other natural disasters, it has a certain influence on returning farmland to forest and grass work. In order to cope with the effects of climate changes, the author suggested that planting structure should be adjusted in this area from food crops to grass and trees, so that improve the ecological environment. Returning farmland to forest and grassland should take shelter forest and economic forest with arbor, irrigation, grass; The native species of tree and grass with drought resistance and cold resistance should be chosen;Grass and shrubs can be directly seed with the rainy season in the barren hills, wasteland and so on. As arbor can plant by stock in the spring and autumn season ,select multiple strains of afforestation, shade reforestation and other methods of drought resistance afforestation and raise survival rate with temperature raising agent;vigorously develop the"121"rainwater harvesting, water conservancy, so that keep the trees and grass from the water.