CAJ | 학술논문

为了解决目前大豆品种的遗传基础狭窄、亟待拓宽的问题，利用540份大豆品种资源，进行种植和重要农艺性状调查，对品种间的遗传相似系数进行分析，通过相关性分析挖掘出影响产量和品质的主要农艺性状。结果表明：大豆品种资源间的遗传相似系数为0.526~13.347，平均相似系数为3.761，品种的平均相似系数大于平均值有211个品种。此结果表明东北大豆品种遗传基础较窄，相似程度较高，大豆品种选育需要拓宽。对大豆8个农艺性状进行简单相关系数分析，单株粒重和单株荚数相关性最大（相关系数为0.758），其次蛋白质含量与单株粒重(0.274)>蛋白质含量与百粒重(0.218)>有效分枝数与单株荚数(0.198)>油分含量和百粒重(0.18)>蛋白质含量与单株荚数(0.142)=百粒重与单株粒重(0.142)>有效分枝数与株高(0.103)>有效分枝数与油分含量(0.1)>有效分枝数与单株粒重(0.083)>单株荚数与株高(0.077)，其他性状之间呈负相关。由此可见，东北三省的主要大豆品种单位面积产量主要由单株荚数、百粒重蛋白质含量以及有效分枝数等重要农艺性状所决定。对供试540个品种6个重要性状进行通径分析，通径分析的结果表明：对大豆单位面积产量直接贡献最大的有单株荚数和百粒重2个性状，单株荚数主要通过蛋白质含量和有效分枝数增加而提高，而百粒重的增加，则是通过株高的减少实现的。通径系数大小顺序依次是：单株荚数(0.814)>百粒重(0.367)>油分含量(-0.117)>株高(0.032)>有效分枝数(-0.022)>蛋白质含量(0.008)。根据对照品种表现，对540份大豆品种资源的育种价值进行了评价。产量性状较突出的种质：‘黑农19’、‘龙黑大豆2号’和‘龙品黑09-518’；百粒重较大的种质：‘九农14号’、‘长农15号’、‘岭引2号’和‘嫩良6号’；油分含量较高的种质：‘垦农18’、‘长农17’、‘垦丰6号’、‘九丰10号’和‘垦鉴豆15’；蛋白质含量较高的种质：‘永吉紫花猪眼豆’、‘白秣食豆’、‘小粒秣食豆’、‘绿瓤黑豆’、‘宾县黑豆’和‘吉林27号’。為瞭解決目前大豆品種的遺傳基礎狹窄、亟待拓寬的問題，利用540份大豆品種資源，進行種植和重要農藝性狀調查，對品種間的遺傳相似繫數進行分析，通過相關性分析挖掘齣影響產量和品質的主要農藝性狀。結果錶明：大豆品種資源間的遺傳相似繫數為0.526~13.347，平均相似繫數為3.761，品種的平均相似繫數大于平均值有211箇品種。此結果錶明東北大豆品種遺傳基礎較窄，相似程度較高，大豆品種選育需要拓寬。對大豆8箇農藝性狀進行簡單相關繫數分析，單株粒重和單株莢數相關性最大（相關繫數為0.758），其次蛋白質含量與單株粒重(0.274)>蛋白質含量與百粒重(0.218)>有效分枝數與單株莢數(0.198)>油分含量和百粒重(0.18)>蛋白質含量與單株莢數(0.142)=百粒重與單株粒重(0.142)>有效分枝數與株高(0.103)>有效分枝數與油分含量(0.1)>有效分枝數與單株粒重(0.083)>單株莢數與株高(0.077)，其他性狀之間呈負相關。由此可見，東北三省的主要大豆品種單位麵積產量主要由單株莢數、百粒重蛋白質含量以及有效分枝數等重要農藝性狀所決定。對供試540箇品種6箇重要性狀進行通徑分析，通徑分析的結果錶明：對大豆單位麵積產量直接貢獻最大的有單株莢數和百粒重2箇性狀，單株莢數主要通過蛋白質含量和有效分枝數增加而提高，而百粒重的增加，則是通過株高的減少實現的。通徑繫數大小順序依次是：單株莢數(0.814)>百粒重(0.367)>油分含量(-0.117)>株高(0.032)>有效分枝數(-0.022)>蛋白質含量(0.008)。根據對照品種錶現，對540份大豆品種資源的育種價值進行瞭評價。產量性狀較突齣的種質：‘黑農19’、‘龍黑大豆2號’和‘龍品黑09-518’；百粒重較大的種質：‘九農14號’、‘長農15號’、‘嶺引2號’和‘嫩良6號’；油分含量較高的種質：‘墾農18’、‘長農17’、‘墾豐6號’、‘九豐10號’和‘墾鑒豆15’；蛋白質含量較高的種質：‘永吉紫花豬眼豆’、‘白秣食豆’、‘小粒秣食豆’、‘綠瓤黑豆’、‘賓縣黑豆’和‘吉林27號’。
위료해결목전대두품충적유전기출협착、극대탁관적문제，이용540빈대두품충자원，진행충식화중요농예성상조사，대품충간적유전상사계수진행분석，통과상관성분석알굴출영향산량화품질적주요농예성상。결과표명：대두품충자원간적유전상사계수위0.526~13.347，평균상사계수위3.761，품충적평균상사계수대우평균치유211개품충。차결과표명동북대두품충유전기출교착，상사정도교고，대두품충선육수요탁관。대대두8개농예성상진행간단상관계수분석，단주립중화단주협수상관성최대（상관계수위0.758），기차단백질함량여단주립중(0.274)>단백질함량여백립중(0.218)>유효분지수여단주협수(0.198)>유분함량화백립중(0.18)>단백질함량여단주협수(0.142)=백립중여단주립중(0.142)>유효분지수여주고(0.103)>유효분지수여유분함량(0.1)>유효분지수여단주립중(0.083)>단주협수여주고(0.077)，기타성상지간정부상관。유차가견，동북삼성적주요대두품충단위면적산량주요유단주협수、백립중단백질함량이급유효분지수등중요농예성상소결정。대공시540개품충6개중요성상진행통경분석，통경분석적결과표명：대대두단위면적산량직접공헌최대적유단주협수화백립중2개성상，단주협수주요통과단백질함량화유효분지수증가이제고，이백립중적증가，칙시통과주고적감소실현적。통경계수대소순서의차시：단주협수(0.814)>백립중(0.367)>유분함량(-0.117)>주고(0.032)>유효분지수(-0.022)>단백질함량(0.008)。근거대조품충표현，대540빈대두품충자원적육충개치진행료평개。산량성상교돌출적충질：‘흑농19’、‘룡흑대두2호’화‘룡품흑09-518’；백립중교대적충질：‘구농14호’、‘장농15호’、‘령인2호’화‘눈량6호’；유분함량교고적충질：‘은농18’、‘장농17’、‘은봉6호’、‘구봉10호’화‘은감두15’；단백질함량교고적충질：‘영길자화저안두’、‘백말식두’、‘소립말식두’、‘록양흑두’、‘빈현흑두’화‘길림27호’。
In this research, 540 soybean varieties had been used for cultivation and investigation of important agronomic traits, the genetic similarity coefficient between the varieties were analyzed, and the major agronomic traits related with yield and quality were mined by path analysis. The research results show that:the genetic similarity coefficient of soybean varieties resources was from 0.526 to 13.347. The average similarity coefficient was 3.761. There were 211 varieties with the average similarity coefficient larger than the total average. This result showed that the genetic basis of the Northeast soybean varieties was very narrow, and need to be expanded. Simple correlation coefficient analysis had been done for eight agronomic traits of soybean. The seed weight and pod number correlation was the maximum (correlation coefficient 0.758), followed were protein content and seed weight per plant (0.274) , protein content and 100-seed weight (0.218), the number of effective branches and pod number (0.198), oil content and 100-seed weight (0.18), protein content and pod number (0.142), kernel weight and 100-seed weight per plant (0.142), the number of branches and plant height (0.103), effective number of branches and oil content (0.1), effective branch number and seed weight per plant (0.083), pod number and plant height (0.077), other traits were negative correlation. So the yield of most soybean varieties in the northeast region were mainly affected by the pod number, seed weight, protein content, and the effective number of branches. The path analysis had been done with six important traits for 540 varieties. The results showed that: pod number and 100-seed weight were the direct contribution to the individual plant yield. The increasing of pod number attributed to the protein content and effective number of branches increasing, and the increasing of 100-seed weight attributed to the plant height decreasing. The path coefficient order was:pod number (0.814), followed kernel weight (0.367), oil content (-0.117), height (0.032), the effective number of branches (-0.022), and protein content (0.008). According to the control variety, evaluation of breeding value had been done for 540 soybean germplasm. The following varieties with prominent germplasm for yield were:‘Heinong 19’,‘Longheidadou 2’,‘Longpinhei 09-518’. With large seed size weight germplasm were:‘Jiunong 14’,‘Changnong 15’,‘Lingyin 2’,‘Nenliang 6’. With high oil content germplasm were:‘Kennong18’,‘Changnong 17’,‘Kenfeng 6’,‘Jiufeng 10’,‘Kenjiandou 15’. With high protein content germplasm were:‘Yongjisihuazhuyandou’,‘Baimoshidou’,‘Xiaolimoshidou’,‘Lvpiaoheidou’,‘Binxianheidou’and‘Jilin27’.