气象学报
氣象學報
기상학보
ACTA METEOROLOGICA SINICA
2015年
3期
442-458
,共17页
华南强降水%南海夏季风%锋面%探空资料
華南彊降水%南海夏季風%鋒麵%探空資料
화남강강수%남해하계풍%봉면%탐공자료
Severe rainfall in South China%SCS summer monsoon%Front%Sounding data
利用2013年“华南季风强降水外场试验与研究”的外场试验数据、美国NCEP FNL资料和卫星云顶黑体辐射温度资料，对2013年5月7—17日华南地区出现的两次强降水过程（7—12日和14—17日）中的高低空环流以及相关气象要素场的变化进行了对比分析。中国南海夏季风于5月第3候建立，两次过程分处于夏季风爆发前后。通过对比影响两次强降水过程的主要环流系统如南亚高压、高空副热带西风急流、500 hPa环流型、水汽来源等，指出影响两次强降水过程大尺度环流场之间的显著区别，说明南海季风爆发前后大尺度环流场对暴雨影响的典型差异。7—12日过程主要受北方锋面影响和南方暖湿气流辐合作用，导致华南地区出现南北两条雨带。14—17日过程则由于季风爆发后强的暖湿空气活动致使华南地区对流活跃，从而形成一条位于广东北部的雨带，此次过程强降水比第1次过程集中且对流性更强。两次降水过程的内在物理机制是一个准平衡态的热力适应过程，由于第2次过程降水更强，导致热源作用明显增强，动力向热力的适应过程也更显著。利用探空资料揭示出两次过程暖区暴雨大气热力和动力条件存在显著区别，7—12日南海季风爆发前的暖区暴雨主要受低层强垂直风切变导致的大气斜压不稳定影响；14—17日南海季风爆发后的暖区暴雨主要受高低空急流的强耦合作用影响。
利用2013年“華南季風彊降水外場試驗與研究”的外場試驗數據、美國NCEP FNL資料和衛星雲頂黑體輻射溫度資料，對2013年5月7—17日華南地區齣現的兩次彊降水過程（7—12日和14—17日）中的高低空環流以及相關氣象要素場的變化進行瞭對比分析。中國南海夏季風于5月第3候建立，兩次過程分處于夏季風爆髮前後。通過對比影響兩次彊降水過程的主要環流繫統如南亞高壓、高空副熱帶西風急流、500 hPa環流型、水汽來源等，指齣影響兩次彊降水過程大呎度環流場之間的顯著區彆，說明南海季風爆髮前後大呎度環流場對暴雨影響的典型差異。7—12日過程主要受北方鋒麵影響和南方暖濕氣流輻閤作用，導緻華南地區齣現南北兩條雨帶。14—17日過程則由于季風爆髮後彊的暖濕空氣活動緻使華南地區對流活躍，從而形成一條位于廣東北部的雨帶，此次過程彊降水比第1次過程集中且對流性更彊。兩次降水過程的內在物理機製是一箇準平衡態的熱力適應過程，由于第2次過程降水更彊，導緻熱源作用明顯增彊，動力嚮熱力的適應過程也更顯著。利用探空資料揭示齣兩次過程暖區暴雨大氣熱力和動力條件存在顯著區彆，7—12日南海季風爆髮前的暖區暴雨主要受低層彊垂直風切變導緻的大氣斜壓不穩定影響；14—17日南海季風爆髮後的暖區暴雨主要受高低空急流的彊耦閤作用影響。
이용2013년“화남계풍강강수외장시험여연구”적외장시험수거、미국NCEP FNL자료화위성운정흑체복사온도자료，대2013년5월7—17일화남지구출현적량차강강수과정（7—12일화14—17일）중적고저공배류이급상관기상요소장적변화진행료대비분석。중국남해하계풍우5월제3후건립，량차과정분처우하계풍폭발전후。통과대비영향량차강강수과정적주요배류계통여남아고압、고공부열대서풍급류、500 hPa배류형、수기래원등，지출영향량차강강수과정대척도배류장지간적현저구별，설명남해계풍폭발전후대척도배류장대폭우영향적전형차이。7—12일과정주요수북방봉면영향화남방난습기류복합작용，도치화남지구출현남북량조우대。14—17일과정칙유우계풍폭발후강적난습공기활동치사화남지구대류활약，종이형성일조위우엄동북부적우대，차차과정강강수비제1차과정집중차대류성경강。량차강수과정적내재물리궤제시일개준평형태적열력괄응과정，유우제2차과정강수경강，도치열원작용명현증강，동력향열력적괄응과정야경현저。이용탐공자료게시출량차과정난구폭우대기열력화동력조건존재현저구별，7—12일남해계풍폭발전적난구폭우주요수저층강수직풍절변도치적대기사압불은정영향；14—17일남해계풍폭발후적난구폭우주요수고저공급류적강우합작용영향。
Based on the field observation of the South China Monsoon Rainfall Experiment (SCMREX),the National Centers for Environment Prediction (NCEP)final (FNL)operational global analysis data and the equivalent temperature of the black-body at the top of the cloud (TBB)data,a comparative analysis of the circulation and related meteorological elements between two severe rainfall events (7-12 and 14-17 May)in South China in 2013 was conducted.The South China Sea (SCS)sum-mer monsoon established in the third pentad of May 2013,just in between two severe rainy stages.There exist significant differences between two events in the major circulation systems,e.g.the South Asia High (SAH)and the subtropical high westerly jet at the higher levels,the circulation pattern at 500 hPa,the water vapor transportation,etc.It indicates typical va-riances of the effects of the large scale circulation on severe rainfalls before and after the onset of SCS monsoon.During 7-12 May,influenced mainly by both the southward invasion of cold front and the convergence of warm moist airflow from the tropi-cal region,the two rain-bands appeared in northern and southern South China.Differently,due to the vigorous convective ac-tivity over South China caused by the strong warm and moist air after the onset of monsoon,the rain-band was formed in the north of Guangdong Province during 14-17 May,with more concentrated and convective precipitation than the former event. The underlying physical mechanisms for the two severe rainfall events are quasi-balanced thermal adjustment process,which is better reflected during the second event because of heavier precipitation.The sounding data in Guangdong are also applied to re-veal differences of the atmosphere dynamic and thermodynamic effects between the two warm sector rainstorms.The warm sec-tor rainstorm during 7-12 May occurred under the condition of the atmospheric baroclinic instability induced by the strong low-levels vertical wind shear.However,the strong coupling between the high-level and low-level jet streams caused the warm sector rainstorm during 14-17 May after the onset of the SCS summer monsoon.
