当代化工
噹代化工
당대화공
CONTEMPORARY CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
2015年
6期
1388-1391
,共4页
集输管道%机理分析%模型%PIG 清管技术
集輸管道%機理分析%模型%PIG 清管技術
집수관도%궤리분석%모형%PIG 청관기술
Pipeline%Mechanism analysis%Model%PIG pigging technology
针对原油在管道集输过程中在管壁结蜡危害的问题，首先分析了管道结蜡沉积机理，在此基础上，综合考虑了蜡分子浓度梯度、管壁处剪切应力、油流温度梯度以及粘度等因素建立结蜡沉积速率模型，根据实际油田地区情况，结合当地季节土壤温度，做了含水率、集油温度、流量等对结蜡速率的影响，研究表明含水率在65%左右，也就是在转相点附近管道结蜡速率最高，主要是原油粘度影响较大；集油温度越高，结蜡速率越低，是由于温度的高低决定了分子的扩散和热运动大小；流量越大，结蜡速率越低，是因为剪切应力破坏了管壁结蜡沉积强度。针对结蜡对管道堵塞腐蚀的影响，选取 PIG 清管技术进行处理，能够有效的降低管道输送压力，降低管道穿孔风险，在保障年输量的条件下，节约电量高达4.32×105 kW?h，年运行费用减少了123.89×104元。实验结果有助于指导该地区原油集输管道工程设计。
針對原油在管道集輸過程中在管壁結蠟危害的問題，首先分析瞭管道結蠟沉積機理，在此基礎上，綜閤攷慮瞭蠟分子濃度梯度、管壁處剪切應力、油流溫度梯度以及粘度等因素建立結蠟沉積速率模型，根據實際油田地區情況，結閤噹地季節土壤溫度，做瞭含水率、集油溫度、流量等對結蠟速率的影響，研究錶明含水率在65%左右，也就是在轉相點附近管道結蠟速率最高，主要是原油粘度影響較大；集油溫度越高，結蠟速率越低，是由于溫度的高低決定瞭分子的擴散和熱運動大小；流量越大，結蠟速率越低，是因為剪切應力破壞瞭管壁結蠟沉積彊度。針對結蠟對管道堵塞腐蝕的影響，選取 PIG 清管技術進行處理，能夠有效的降低管道輸送壓力，降低管道穿孔風險，在保障年輸量的條件下，節約電量高達4.32×105 kW?h，年運行費用減少瞭123.89×104元。實驗結果有助于指導該地區原油集輸管道工程設計。
침대원유재관도집수과정중재관벽결사위해적문제，수선분석료관도결사침적궤리，재차기출상，종합고필료사분자농도제도、관벽처전절응력、유류온도제도이급점도등인소건립결사침적속솔모형，근거실제유전지구정황，결합당지계절토양온도，주료함수솔、집유온도、류량등대결사속솔적영향，연구표명함수솔재65%좌우，야취시재전상점부근관도결사속솔최고，주요시원유점도영향교대；집유온도월고，결사속솔월저，시유우온도적고저결정료분자적확산화열운동대소；류량월대，결사속솔월저，시인위전절응력파배료관벽결사침적강도。침대결사대관도도새부식적영향，선취 PIG 청관기술진행처리，능구유효적강저관도수송압력，강저관도천공풍험，재보장년수량적조건하，절약전량고체4.32×105 kW?h，년운행비용감소료123.89×104원。실험결과유조우지도해지구원유집수관도공정설계。
Aimed at hazards of paraffin deposit rate in crude oil gathering and transferring process, firstly wax deposition mechanism was analyzed.On this basis, considering the wax molecule concentration gradient and wall shear stress, flow, temperature gradient, viscosity and so on, the wax deposition rate model was established. According to actual oil field condition, combined with the local seasonal soil temperature, effect of moisture content, oil temperature and flow rate on the paraffin deposit rate was investigated. The results show that, when the moisture content is about 65%, which is near the phase inversion point, the wax precipitation rate is the highest, which is mainly caused by greater viscosity of crude oil; The higher the oil temperature, the lower the wax precipitation rate, which is due to that the temperature can affect the molecular diffusion and heat movement; The lower the flow rate, the higher the wax precipitation rate, which is due to that the shear stress can damage wall wax deposition. In order to decrease effect of the paraffin deposit rate on pipe blockage and corrosion, the PIG pigging technology can be used, it can effectively reduce the pipeline pressure and the pipeline perforation risk; Under the condition of ensuring annual throughput, 4.32×105 kW·h power can be saved, annual operation cost can be decreased by123.89×104 Yuan. The results help guide for engineering design of crude oil pipeline in the region.
