CAJ | 학술논문

为给芝麻亲本选配和育种提供有益借鉴，对1960-2013年间我国芝麻育成品种的系谱资料、亲本组成及亲本选配规律和特点进行了分析。结果表明：近60年来中国公开报道（或记载）育成品种共145个，其中常规种136个，杂交种9个。自1993年育成第一个杂交种后，育成的杂交种品种数量呈加快发展趋势，表明芝麻杂种优势利用开始得到重视。这些品种中，白芝麻品种121个（占83.4%），黑芝麻品种17个（占11.7%），黄褐芝麻品种7个（占4.8%）。育成品种的类型已呈现出多样化的格局。分析134个品种的亲本组成发现，它们来源于98个亲本，可追溯到45个中国地方种和9个国外引进品种，说明我国芝麻育种以利用地方品种资源为主，国外资源利用力度相对较小；我国最主要的芝麻骨干亲本包括豫芝4号、鄂芝1号（老）和宜阳白，分别选育出衍生品种29个、18个和10个。系谱分析发现，选择地理来源差异大、植物学性状差异大的亲本进行组配，可以做到优势互补，更容易选育出优良品种。
위급지마친본선배화육충제공유익차감，대1960-2013년간아국지마육성품충적계보자료、친본조성급친본선배규률화특점진행료분석。결과표명：근60년래중국공개보도（혹기재）육성품충공145개，기중상규충136개，잡교충9개。자1993년육성제일개잡교충후，육성적잡교충품충수량정가쾌발전추세，표명지마잡충우세이용개시득도중시。저사품충중，백지마품충121개（점83.4%），흑지마품충17개（점11.7%），황갈지마품충7개（점4.8%）。육성품충적류형이정현출다양화적격국。분석134개품충적친본조성발현，타문래원우98개친본，가추소도45개중국지방충화9개국외인진품충，설명아국지마육충이이용지방품충자원위주，국외자원이용력도상대교소；아국최주요적지마골간친본포괄예지4호、악지1호（로）화의양백，분별선육출연생품충29개、18개화10개。계보분석발현，선택지리래원차이대、식물학성상차이대적친본진행조배，가이주도우세호보，경용역선육출우량품충。
To provide valuable clues for sesame breeding,pedigree of sesame cultivars released during 1960 -2013 in China were analyzed. Totally 145 cultivars were bred in the past 60 years,of which 136 were conventional cultivars and 9 were F1 hybrids. Since the first hybrid released in 1993,the number of hybrid cultivars had in-creased steadily,which indicating sesame prevalence of heterosis utilization. Of the 145 cultivars,121 were classi-fied as white seed - coat color,17 black,and 7 yellow or brown,exhibiting the diversification of cultivar type in term of seed - coat color. 134 cultivars with known pedigree showed that they were derived from 98 parental lines which could be further traced back to 45 Chinese landraces and 9 alien accessions. They suggested that Chinese landraces had large contribution to breeding,and that the alien gene pool had yet to be fully exploited. Yuzhi 4, Ezhi 1(old)and Yiyangbai were the most important parents used for sesame breeding in China,with 29,18 and 10 cultivars derived from the 3 parents respectively. Pedigree analysis revealed that the best way to breed an out-standing sesame cultivar was to cross the elite parents from different geographical region and / or bearing distinct but complementary botanical traits.