CAJ | 학술논문

为指导早熟油菜育种和高产高效栽培技术，分别于2013-2014年9月15日、9月30日和10月15日进行播种，调查早熟油菜（1358）与中熟油菜（中双11号，对照）和晚熟油菜（浙双8号，对照）花芽分化进程、花器官数量增长规律及苗后期嫩叶激素含量的变化。结果表明，早熟的1358各播期花芽分化早于两个中、晚熟品种对照，花芽分化时间比两对照短。播期对1358花芽分化的起始、现蕾和抽薹时间影响较大，早播时1358花器官发育较慢且数量明显偏低，迟播时1358的花芽分化时间延后。早熟的1358各播期在苗后期叶片 GA3和 ZR 平均含量显著高于两对照，而 ABA 和 IAA 平均含量显著低于两对照；迟播使早熟的1358苗后期 GA3和 ZR 平均含量降低，并使 ABA 和 IAA 平均含量升高。早熟的1358各播期 GA3含量在花芽分化中期出现峰值，且9月中下旬播种的GA3含量在整个苗后期均较高；ZR 含量在花芽分化前期和后期均出现峰值；ABA 和 IAA 含量在花芽分化前期较低，花芽分化后期到达峰值。对内源激素比例变化研究表明，早熟的1358各播期苗后期 GA3/ ABA、ZR/ IAA 高于两对照，IAA/ ABA 低于两对照。综上，适当迟播可避免早熟品种因过早开花遭受冻害而减产，苗后期叶片内源激素含量和比例的变化是调节早熟油菜成花的关键因素。
위지도조숙유채육충화고산고효재배기술，분별우2013-2014년9월15일、9월30일화10월15일진행파충，조사조숙유채（1358）여중숙유채（중쌍11호，대조）화만숙유채（절쌍8호，대조）화아분화진정、화기관수량증장규률급묘후기눈협격소함량적변화。결과표명，조숙적1358각파기화아분화조우량개중、만숙품충대조，화아분화시간비량대조단。파기대1358화아분화적기시、현뢰화추대시간영향교대，조파시1358화기관발육교만차수량명현편저，지파시1358적화아분화시간연후。조숙적1358각파기재묘후기협편 GA3화 ZR 평균함량현저고우량대조，이 ABA 화 IAA 평균함량현저저우량대조；지파사조숙적1358묘후기 GA3화 ZR 평균함량강저，병사 ABA 화 IAA 평균함량승고。조숙적1358각파기 GA3함량재화아분화중기출현봉치，차9월중하순파충적GA3함량재정개묘후기균교고；ZR 함량재화아분화전기화후기균출현봉치；ABA 화 IAA 함량재화아분화전기교저，화아분화후기도체봉치。대내원격소비례변화연구표명，조숙적1358각파기묘후기 GA3/ ABA、ZR/ IAA 고우량대조，IAA/ ABA 저우량대조。종상，괄당지파가피면조숙품충인과조개화조수동해이감산，묘후기협편내원격소함량화비례적변화시조절조숙유채성화적관건인소。
To early - maturing and high yield - and - efficiency cultivation on rapeseed production,3 varieties (early - maturing variety 1358,mid - maturing cv Zhongshuang 11 and late - maturing cv Zheshuang 8)with the 3 different sowing dates(Sept 15,Sept 30 and Oct 15)were designed to study the flower bud differentiation and its relationship with endogenous hormones. Results showed that under 3 sowing dates,flower bud differentiation of 1358 was earlier than that of mid - and late - maturing cultivars. The differentiation duration was much shorter than that of the other two. Flower bud differentiation of 1358 was prolonged with fewer flowers when sowed on Sept 15,and was delayed when sowed on Oct 15. Initiation of floral primordium differentiation and budding was greatly influenced by sowing dates. During late seedling stage,leaves gibberellin(GA3 )and zeatin riboside(ZR)levels of 1358 were significantly higher than that of the other two,and abscisic acid( ABA)and indole lacetic acid (IAA)levels were lower. Under late sowing,GA3 and ZR levels decreased,ABA and IAA levels increased. Under 3 sowing dates,GA3 level of 1358 reached the peak during middle flower bud differentiation period,and ZR level reached the peak during early and late flower bud differentiation periods. ABA and IAA levels were low during ear-ly flower bud differentiation but reached the peak during late flower bud differentiation. During the whole late seed-ling stage,GA3 level was very high which sowed in mid and late September. Ratios of GA3 / ABA and ZR/ IAA were higher than that of the other 2 cultivars under 3 sowing dates,but IAA/ ABA were lower. In summary,late sowing on Oct 15 was appropriate for the early - maturing rapeseed to bloom at moderate time and reach a high yield. Leaves hormones and their ratios at late seedling stage were key factors in regulating flower bud differentiation.