CAJ | 학술논문

贵州矿产资源丰富，伴随着矿山的开采、冶炼等人为活动，矿区周边重金属污染问题非常突出。为了掌握贵州万山汞矿政策性关停后对周边环境的产生的不利影响，以贵州万山汞矿周边主要乡镇作为研究区域，利用随机布点的方法在汞矿周边6个乡镇采集30个土壤样品，通过湿法消解的前处理方法，采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪和原子荧光仪测定所有土壤样品中的Cr、Ni、Cu、Cd、Pb、As、Hg。以贵州省土壤环境背景值作为参照标准，采用单因子污染指数法、综合污染指数法、地积累指数法和潜在生态危害指数法对贵州万山汞矿周边土壤中重金属污染特征及其生态风险进行评价。结果表明，贵州万山汞矿周边土壤中Cr、Ni、Cu、Cd、Pb、As和Hg的平均含量水平分别为353.22、33.58、41.45、0.87、59.30、14.34、14.15 mg·kg-1，其中Hg污染最严重，最高超标倍数为135倍。地积累指数评价结果表明，Cr的地积累指数为1~2之间，属于偏中度污染范畴；Hg的地累积指数为4~10之间，处于严重~极重污染范畴；潜在生态危害综合指数（RI）评价结果显示：万山汞矿周边土壤中重金属污染处于较强的生态风险程度，其中汞的潜在生态危害系数（Eir）最高。主成分分析结果显示：该区域土壤中的Cr、Ni、Cu的来源可能与土壤背景值有关；Cd、Pb、As、Hg的来源与大气沉降、汞矿采选冶炼等外源性污染因素有关。
귀주광산자원봉부，반수착광산적개채、야련등인위활동，광구주변중금속오염문제비상돌출。위료장악귀주만산홍광정책성관정후대주변배경적산생적불리영향，이귀주만산홍광주변주요향진작위연구구역，이용수궤포점적방법재홍광주변6개향진채집30개토양양품，통과습법소해적전처리방법，채용전감우합등리자체질보의화원자형광의측정소유토양양품중적Cr、Ni、Cu、Cd、Pb、As、Hg。이귀주성토양배경배경치작위삼조표준，채용단인자오염지수법、종합오염지수법、지적루지수법화잠재생태위해지수법대귀주만산홍광주변토양중중금속오염특정급기생태풍험진행평개。결과표명，귀주만산홍광주변토양중Cr、Ni、Cu、Cd、Pb、As화Hg적평균함량수평분별위353.22、33.58、41.45、0.87、59.30、14.34、14.15 mg·kg-1，기중Hg오염최엄중，최고초표배수위135배。지적루지수평개결과표명，Cr적지적루지수위1~2지간，속우편중도오염범주；Hg적지루적지수위4~10지간，처우엄중~겁중오염범주；잠재생태위해종합지수（RI）평개결과현시：만산홍광주변토양중중금속오염처우교강적생태풍험정도，기중홍적잠재생태위해계수（Eir）최고。주성분분석결과현시：해구역토양중적Cr、Ni、Cu적래원가능여토양배경치유관；Cd、Pb、As、Hg적래원여대기침강、홍광채선야련등외원성오염인소유관。
Mineral resources are abundant in Guizhou Province, China. With the development of anthropogenic activity for mine exploiting and smelting, the problem of heavy metal pollution was becoming more and more obvious. In order to investigate the adverse effects on environment quality, thirty soil samples were collected randomly from Wanshan mercury mine area after its shut down. Heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Cd, Pb, As and Hg) in all soil samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and atomic fluorescence spectrophotometer after pretreatment of wet digestion method. Pollution characteristics of heavy metals in soils were observed on the basis of background values of single factor pollution index method and comprehensive pollution index method. Potential ecological risk assessment was evaluated by using the geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and potential ecological risk index (RI). The results indicated that the soil samples around mercury mining area had been seriously contaminated by mercury. The average concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu, Cd, Pb, As and Hg were 353.22, 33.58, 41.45, 0.87, 59.30, 14.34 and 14.15 mg·kg-1, respectively. According to Environmental Quality Standard for Soil, the concentration of Hg was highest, more than 135 times. According to the geoaccumulation index, the pollution degree of Cr was middle degree with Igeos of Cr for 1 and 2, and Hg ranged from high to light degree with Igeos of Hg for 4 and 10. The potential ecological risk index indicated that the heavy metals in the soils from Wanshan mercury mine area were at the moderate ecological hazard level. The rate of contribution for Hg was highest to potential ecological risk index. Principle component analysis (PCA) showed that Cr, Ni and Cu in soils of Wanshan mercury mine area were possibly from environmental background value;and the sources of Cd, Pb, As, and Hg were relate to anthropogenic factors, such as atmospheric deposition, exploitation and smelting of mercury mine and so on.