生态环境学报
生態環境學報
생태배경학보
ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
2015年
5期
873-878
,共6页
植物修复%多环芳烃%混种模式%土壤
植物脩複%多環芳烴%混種模式%土壤
식물수복%다배방경%혼충모식%토양
phytoremediation%polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons%mixed cropping mode%soil
以菲、芘为多环芳烃（PAHs）的代表，选择多环芳烃初始浓度在20.05~322.06 mg·kg-1的污染土壤为研究对象，采用温室盆栽的方法，选用三叶草（Trifolium repens）单种、紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）单种和三叶草-紫花苜蓿混种3种模式，通过测定实验70 d后土壤中PAHs的浓度，研究不同种植模式下植物对PAHs污染的去除效果和修复机制。结果表明，（1）在实验浓度范围内，在三叶草和紫花苜蓿混种模式下，土壤中PAHs的去除率最高，明显高于单种模式。在70 d的实验期间，约有75.47%的菲和68.28%的芘被降解，而单种模式下三叶草和紫花苜蓿对菲的降解率分别为31.79%和64.03%，对芘的降解率分别为27.97%和52.18%。（2）相同污染水平下，茎叶部PAHs的含量低于根部，菲的含量低于芘，混种模式下植物体内 PAHs 的含量低于单种模式下的含量。（3）生物作用对土壤中菲的去除率在三叶草、紫花苜蓿组和混合组中分别为26.69%、58.98%和69.84%，对芘的去除率分别为25.29%、48.98%和65.86%，明显高于非生物作用。在生物作用中植物-微生物的联合效应是最主要的，在三叶草组、紫花苜蓿组和混合组中对菲、芘的去除率分别为6.95%、34.85%、42.95%和6.3%、26.78%、38.98%。微生物作用在各种模式下相同，混种模式下，植物作用、植物-微生物联合效应均高于单种模式。说明借助多物种混合种植模式对改善PAHs污染土壤修复效果、减少植物体内PAHs积累和缓解生态风险具有可行性。
以菲、芘為多環芳烴（PAHs）的代錶，選擇多環芳烴初始濃度在20.05~322.06 mg·kg-1的汙染土壤為研究對象，採用溫室盆栽的方法，選用三葉草（Trifolium repens）單種、紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）單種和三葉草-紫花苜蓿混種3種模式，通過測定實驗70 d後土壤中PAHs的濃度，研究不同種植模式下植物對PAHs汙染的去除效果和脩複機製。結果錶明，（1）在實驗濃度範圍內，在三葉草和紫花苜蓿混種模式下，土壤中PAHs的去除率最高，明顯高于單種模式。在70 d的實驗期間，約有75.47%的菲和68.28%的芘被降解，而單種模式下三葉草和紫花苜蓿對菲的降解率分彆為31.79%和64.03%，對芘的降解率分彆為27.97%和52.18%。（2）相同汙染水平下，莖葉部PAHs的含量低于根部，菲的含量低于芘，混種模式下植物體內 PAHs 的含量低于單種模式下的含量。（3）生物作用對土壤中菲的去除率在三葉草、紫花苜蓿組和混閤組中分彆為26.69%、58.98%和69.84%，對芘的去除率分彆為25.29%、48.98%和65.86%，明顯高于非生物作用。在生物作用中植物-微生物的聯閤效應是最主要的，在三葉草組、紫花苜蓿組和混閤組中對菲、芘的去除率分彆為6.95%、34.85%、42.95%和6.3%、26.78%、38.98%。微生物作用在各種模式下相同，混種模式下，植物作用、植物-微生物聯閤效應均高于單種模式。說明藉助多物種混閤種植模式對改善PAHs汙染土壤脩複效果、減少植物體內PAHs積纍和緩解生態風險具有可行性。
이비、비위다배방경（PAHs）적대표，선택다배방경초시농도재20.05~322.06 mg·kg-1적오염토양위연구대상，채용온실분재적방법，선용삼협초（Trifolium repens）단충、자화목숙（Medicago sativa）단충화삼협초-자화목숙혼충3충모식，통과측정실험70 d후토양중PAHs적농도，연구불동충식모식하식물대PAHs오염적거제효과화수복궤제。결과표명，（1）재실험농도범위내，재삼협초화자화목숙혼충모식하，토양중PAHs적거제솔최고，명현고우단충모식。재70 d적실험기간，약유75.47%적비화68.28%적비피강해，이단충모식하삼협초화자화목숙대비적강해솔분별위31.79%화64.03%，대비적강해솔분별위27.97%화52.18%。（2）상동오염수평하，경협부PAHs적함량저우근부，비적함량저우비，혼충모식하식물체내 PAHs 적함량저우단충모식하적함량。（3）생물작용대토양중비적거제솔재삼협초、자화목숙조화혼합조중분별위26.69%、58.98%화69.84%，대비적거제솔분별위25.29%、48.98%화65.86%，명현고우비생물작용。재생물작용중식물-미생물적연합효응시최주요적，재삼협초조、자화목숙조화혼합조중대비、비적거제솔분별위6.95%、34.85%、42.95%화6.3%、26.78%、38.98%。미생물작용재각충모식하상동，혼충모식하，식물작용、식물-미생물연합효응균고우단충모식。설명차조다물충혼합충식모식대개선PAHs오염토양수복효과、감소식물체내PAHs적루화완해생태풍험구유가행성。
Took phenanthrene and pyrene as representative of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The experimental period was 70 days. Pot experiments were conducted to investigate the mechanisms of the removal and remediation efficiencies of PAHs under different planting models using two plant species, white clover (Trifolium repens) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in a greenhouse. Phytoremediation of PAHs in soils at initial contents ranging from 20.05 to 322.06 mg·kg-1 was investigated under different planting patterns, and enhancement mechanisms were analyzed. Results showed that, 1) In the experimental concentration range,the dissipation rate of PAHs in soils growing multispecies was the highest, and was significantly higher than that of monoculture. At the 70d experiment, about 75.47%of Phe and 68.28%of Pyr was removed from the soils under mixed cropping;while only 31.79%and 64.03%of Phe and 27.97%and 52.18%of Pyr were removed under single white clover and alfalfa cropping, respectively. 2) Under the same treatment conditions, the concentrations of PAHs in root or shoot were lower in mixed cropping than that in monoculture, and in the shoot lower than in the root, and phenanthrene content was lower than that of pyr. And 3) the removal rates of phe which was removed by biological effect in clover, alfalfa and mixed groups were 26.69%, 58.98%and 69.84%respectively, the pyrene removal rates were 25.29%, 48.98%and 65.86%, significantly higher than that of non-biological effect. The plant-microbial interaction was the most important of all, the rates of phenanthrene and pyrene in clover, alfalfa group group and mixed group were 6.95%, 34.85%, 42.95% and 6.3%, 26.78%, 38.98%. Effect of microbial indifferent modes was the same. Effect of plants and plant-microbial interaction were higher in mixed mode than that of the single mode. Results from this study suggested a feasibility of the establishment of multispecies phytoremediation to improve the efficiency of bioaugmentation in decontaminating PAHs contaminated soils, decreasing crop accumulations to PAHs and reducing risks associated with PAHs.
