生态环境学报
生態環境學報
생태배경학보
ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
2015年
5期
866-872
,共7页
杨兰%李冰%王昌全%肖瑞%杨丽%郑顺强%游来勇
楊蘭%李冰%王昌全%肖瑞%楊麗%鄭順彊%遊來勇
양란%리빙%왕창전%초서%양려%정순강%유래용
镉(Cd)%伴随阴离子%形态转化
鎘(Cd)%伴隨陰離子%形態轉化
력(Cd)%반수음리자%형태전화
cadmium%anion%form transformation
化学性质各异的伴随阴离子通过影响进入土壤的外源 Cd2+后的形态转化，而影响其迁移特性和生物毒性。对此进行了解将有助于采取相应的防治镉污染的技术措施。通过室内连续培养试验（0~70 d），研究了伴随阴离子（NO3-、C1-、SO42-）对Cd2+在土壤中的吸附特性、形态分配与转化特性的影响。结果表明，伴随阴离子对添加外源Cd2+溶液后的土壤Cd吸附作用能力表现为：SO42->NO3->C1-；SO42-处理在20 d时吸附率达最大值（93.61%）；NO3-与C1-处理在30 d时吸附率达最大值，分别为82.25%、67.97%。初始状态土壤中Cd主要以残渣态存在，可交换态Cd含量与比例最低，占总Cd含量不到10%。添加1.0 mmol·L-1外源Cd2+处理后，在培养期内（0~70 d），表现为可交换态Cd含量>铁锰氧化物结合态Cd含量>碳酸盐结合态Cd含量>残渣态Cd含量>有机结合态Cd含量。土壤可交换态Cd在0~70 d分配系数达到38%~61%，其中SO42-处理培养10 d达到最大值（61.09%），NO3-与C1-处理30 d时达到最大值（分别为43.74%和41.80%）。土壤碳酸盐结合态Cd含量在30 d时趋于饱和，其含量（0~70 d）表现为SO42-<C1-<NO3-。3种伴随阴离子处理的土壤铁锰氧化物结合态Cd含量在0~50 d无显著性差异。有机结合态Cd和残渣态Cd含量随着培养周期延长而逐渐增加，但其吸收转化分配比例相对可交换态、碳酸盐结合态和铁锰氧化物结合态低。从生物利用度系数来评价镉形态的危害程度，初始状态土壤中其危害程度表现为生物潜在可利用态>生物难利用态>生物易利用态。添加1.0 mmol·L-1的外源Cd2+溶液后，SO42-处理的表现为：生物易利用态>生物潜在可利用态>生物难利用态；C1-和 NO3-处理的表现为生物潜在可利用态>生物易利用态>生物难利用态。这表明，镉形态在 SO42-处理伴随下对土壤造成的危害程度相对 C1-和 NO3-处理严重。外源 Cd2+溶液进入土壤主要转化为可交换态 Cd （SO42->NO3->C1-），SO42-处理培养10 d达到最大值（转化系数为61.09%）。可交换态Cd在土壤中具有较强的迁移性，容易被生物吸收利用，对环境影响最大。
化學性質各異的伴隨陰離子通過影響進入土壤的外源 Cd2+後的形態轉化，而影響其遷移特性和生物毒性。對此進行瞭解將有助于採取相應的防治鎘汙染的技術措施。通過室內連續培養試驗（0~70 d），研究瞭伴隨陰離子（NO3-、C1-、SO42-）對Cd2+在土壤中的吸附特性、形態分配與轉化特性的影響。結果錶明，伴隨陰離子對添加外源Cd2+溶液後的土壤Cd吸附作用能力錶現為：SO42->NO3->C1-；SO42-處理在20 d時吸附率達最大值（93.61%）；NO3-與C1-處理在30 d時吸附率達最大值，分彆為82.25%、67.97%。初始狀態土壤中Cd主要以殘渣態存在，可交換態Cd含量與比例最低，佔總Cd含量不到10%。添加1.0 mmol·L-1外源Cd2+處理後，在培養期內（0~70 d），錶現為可交換態Cd含量>鐵錳氧化物結閤態Cd含量>碳痠鹽結閤態Cd含量>殘渣態Cd含量>有機結閤態Cd含量。土壤可交換態Cd在0~70 d分配繫數達到38%~61%，其中SO42-處理培養10 d達到最大值（61.09%），NO3-與C1-處理30 d時達到最大值（分彆為43.74%和41.80%）。土壤碳痠鹽結閤態Cd含量在30 d時趨于飽和，其含量（0~70 d）錶現為SO42-<C1-<NO3-。3種伴隨陰離子處理的土壤鐵錳氧化物結閤態Cd含量在0~50 d無顯著性差異。有機結閤態Cd和殘渣態Cd含量隨著培養週期延長而逐漸增加，但其吸收轉化分配比例相對可交換態、碳痠鹽結閤態和鐵錳氧化物結閤態低。從生物利用度繫數來評價鎘形態的危害程度，初始狀態土壤中其危害程度錶現為生物潛在可利用態>生物難利用態>生物易利用態。添加1.0 mmol·L-1的外源Cd2+溶液後，SO42-處理的錶現為：生物易利用態>生物潛在可利用態>生物難利用態；C1-和 NO3-處理的錶現為生物潛在可利用態>生物易利用態>生物難利用態。這錶明，鎘形態在 SO42-處理伴隨下對土壤造成的危害程度相對 C1-和 NO3-處理嚴重。外源 Cd2+溶液進入土壤主要轉化為可交換態 Cd （SO42->NO3->C1-），SO42-處理培養10 d達到最大值（轉化繫數為61.09%）。可交換態Cd在土壤中具有較彊的遷移性，容易被生物吸收利用，對環境影響最大。
화학성질각이적반수음리자통과영향진입토양적외원 Cd2+후적형태전화，이영향기천이특성화생물독성。대차진행료해장유조우채취상응적방치력오염적기술조시。통과실내련속배양시험（0~70 d），연구료반수음리자（NO3-、C1-、SO42-）대Cd2+재토양중적흡부특성、형태분배여전화특성적영향。결과표명，반수음리자대첨가외원Cd2+용액후적토양Cd흡부작용능력표현위：SO42->NO3->C1-；SO42-처리재20 d시흡부솔체최대치（93.61%）；NO3-여C1-처리재30 d시흡부솔체최대치，분별위82.25%、67.97%。초시상태토양중Cd주요이잔사태존재，가교환태Cd함량여비례최저，점총Cd함량불도10%。첨가1.0 mmol·L-1외원Cd2+처리후，재배양기내（0~70 d），표현위가교환태Cd함량>철맹양화물결합태Cd함량>탄산염결합태Cd함량>잔사태Cd함량>유궤결합태Cd함량。토양가교환태Cd재0~70 d분배계수체도38%~61%，기중SO42-처리배양10 d체도최대치（61.09%），NO3-여C1-처리30 d시체도최대치（분별위43.74%화41.80%）。토양탄산염결합태Cd함량재30 d시추우포화，기함량（0~70 d）표현위SO42-<C1-<NO3-。3충반수음리자처리적토양철맹양화물결합태Cd함량재0~50 d무현저성차이。유궤결합태Cd화잔사태Cd함량수착배양주기연장이축점증가，단기흡수전화분배비례상대가교환태、탄산염결합태화철맹양화물결합태저。종생물이용도계수래평개력형태적위해정도，초시상태토양중기위해정도표현위생물잠재가이용태>생물난이용태>생물역이용태。첨가1.0 mmol·L-1적외원Cd2+용액후，SO42-처리적표현위：생물역이용태>생물잠재가이용태>생물난이용태；C1-화 NO3-처리적표현위생물잠재가이용태>생물역이용태>생물난이용태。저표명，력형태재 SO42-처리반수하대토양조성적위해정도상대 C1-화 NO3-처리엄중。외원 Cd2+용액진입토양주요전화위가교환태 Cd （SO42->NO3->C1-），SO42-처리배양10 d체도최대치（전화계수위61.09%）。가교환태Cd재토양중구유교강적천이성，용역피생물흡수이용，대배경영향최대。
When the heavy metal ions were entered into soil, it would inevitably carry anion. Due to the various anions with different chemical feature, it will affect heavy metals transformation and result in differences on the mobility and toxicity of heavy metals in soil. Researches on effect of inorganic ligands to heavy metals will advance the understanding of the mechanism of heavy metal’s forms changes and the controls in heavy metals contamination. The plain paddy soil in Chengdu was performed in this study by adding the exogenous Cd2+ to investigate the anionic (NO3-, C1- and SO42-)effects on the uptake, the form distribution and transformation of cadmium. The results showed that the Cd absorption capacity in the soil was expressed the tendency of SO42->NO3->C1-, when added exogenous Cd2+solution. After 20 days, the absorption capacity of Cd reached at 93.61%under the SO42-treatment. After 30 days, the absorption capacity of Cd reached at 82.25% and 67.97% under the NO3- and C1- treatments, respectively. The initial state of cadmium in soil is mainly the residual form and the exchangeable cadmium content is very low, about less than 10% of total Cd content. To add 1 mmol·L-1 exogenous Cd2+ during the treatment of 0~70 day, the content of cadmium form was showed the trend of the exchangeable Cd>Fe-Mn oxide bound Cd>carbonate bound Cd>residual Cd>organic bound Cd. Cadmium in soil is mainly the form of exchangeable bound and its distribution coefficient reached at 38%~61%. The distribution coefficient reached at 61.09%under SO42-treatment of 10 days, 43.74%under NO3-treatment of 30 days, and 41.80%under C1-treatment of 30 days. The content of carbonate bound Cd expressed saturation at the end of 30 days, and its content was showed the tendency of SO42-<C1-<NO3-during the treatment. The content of Fe-Mn oxide bound Cd was no significant during the treatment of 0~50 days. The contents of organic bound Cd and residual Cd were gradually increased with the prolonged treatment, but the ratio of absorption and transformation was less than that of exchangeable Cd, carbonate bound Cd and Fe-Mn oxide bound Cd. The injury extend of cadmium forms were evaluated by bioavailability factor and was showed the trend of potential bioavailability Cd>bioavailability Cd>inert bioavailability Cd in the initial state of the soil. To add 1 mmol·L-1 exogenous Cd2+, the SO42-treatment led to the expression of bioavailability Cd>potential bioavailability Cd>inert bioavailability Cd, whereas the NO3-and C1-treatment resulted in the expression of potential bioavailability Cd>bioavailability Cd>inert bioavailability Cd. In conclusion, the SO42-treatment caused more serious pollution that did the NO3-and C1- treatments. Exogenous Cd2+ was mainly transformed into exchangeable bound and showed the tendency of SO42->NO3->C1-. At the end of 10 days, the transformation coefficient reached at 61.09%under the SO42-treatment. As the exchangeable bound Cd was likely to transfer and be absorbed by organisms, it will possess great impact on the environment.
