生态环境学报
生態環境學報
생태배경학보
ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
2015年
5期
845-852
,共8页
高超%李阳%于海明%涂佳敏%孙井梅
高超%李暘%于海明%塗佳敏%孫井梅
고초%리양%우해명%도가민%손정매
太湖流域%水稻田%自然降雨%氮磷输出%污染物迁移规律
太湖流域%水稻田%自然降雨%氮燐輸齣%汙染物遷移規律
태호류역%수도전%자연강우%담린수출%오염물천이규률
Tai Lake region%paddy field%natural rainfall%output of nitrogen and phosphorus%migration law of pollutants
为了探究典型自然降雨径流过程中氮、磷的水稻田输出特点，了解各形态污染物之间径流输出关系，在2013年对太湖何家浜流域两次典型降雨全过程中产生的径流污染物进行了系统的原位监测分析。通过绘制田块混合出水及独立单田块出水的污染物浓度变化曲线、M（V）曲线以及计算径流事件平均浓度（EMC）、降雨径流过程中PN/TN（颗粒态氮/总氮）、PP/TP（颗粒态磷/总磷）质量输出百分比，发现：在中雨条件下，强降雨使水稻田中的SS（悬浮态颗粒物）、PN、PP输出浓度激增，最大变幅分别为628.77、4.43、0.46 mg·L-1，对AN（氨氮）、NN（硝酸盐氮）、PO（磷酸盐）无明显影响；降雨前期氮素磷素污染物输出以颗粒态为主，且颗粒态土壤对磷素的富集作用强于氮素，在径流量输出前35%时，颗粒态污染物（PN、PP）占据总污染物（TN、TP）输出量的60%左右；整场降雨PN/TN、PP/TP输出EMC比重在40%~60%之间波动；在氮肥进入低水平稳定期后，降雨中氮素输出峰值稳定；独立田块出水中颗粒态污染物（SS、PN、PP）初期效应明显，而在混合田块出水中初期效应被弱化；污染物EMC指标输出特点为SS>TN>PN>AN>NN>TP>PP>PO。
為瞭探究典型自然降雨徑流過程中氮、燐的水稻田輸齣特點，瞭解各形態汙染物之間徑流輸齣關繫，在2013年對太湖何傢浜流域兩次典型降雨全過程中產生的徑流汙染物進行瞭繫統的原位鑑測分析。通過繪製田塊混閤齣水及獨立單田塊齣水的汙染物濃度變化麯線、M（V）麯線以及計算徑流事件平均濃度（EMC）、降雨徑流過程中PN/TN（顆粒態氮/總氮）、PP/TP（顆粒態燐/總燐）質量輸齣百分比，髮現：在中雨條件下，彊降雨使水稻田中的SS（懸浮態顆粒物）、PN、PP輸齣濃度激增，最大變幅分彆為628.77、4.43、0.46 mg·L-1，對AN（氨氮）、NN（硝痠鹽氮）、PO（燐痠鹽）無明顯影響；降雨前期氮素燐素汙染物輸齣以顆粒態為主，且顆粒態土壤對燐素的富集作用彊于氮素，在徑流量輸齣前35%時，顆粒態汙染物（PN、PP）佔據總汙染物（TN、TP）輸齣量的60%左右；整場降雨PN/TN、PP/TP輸齣EMC比重在40%~60%之間波動；在氮肥進入低水平穩定期後，降雨中氮素輸齣峰值穩定；獨立田塊齣水中顆粒態汙染物（SS、PN、PP）初期效應明顯，而在混閤田塊齣水中初期效應被弱化；汙染物EMC指標輸齣特點為SS>TN>PN>AN>NN>TP>PP>PO。
위료탐구전형자연강우경류과정중담、린적수도전수출특점，료해각형태오염물지간경류수출관계，재2013년대태호하가빈류역량차전형강우전과정중산생적경류오염물진행료계통적원위감측분석。통과회제전괴혼합출수급독립단전괴출수적오염물농도변화곡선、M（V）곡선이급계산경류사건평균농도（EMC）、강우경류과정중PN/TN（과립태담/총담）、PP/TP（과립태린/총린）질량수출백분비，발현：재중우조건하，강강우사수도전중적SS（현부태과립물）、PN、PP수출농도격증，최대변폭분별위628.77、4.43、0.46 mg·L-1，대AN（안담）、NN（초산염담）、PO（린산염）무명현영향；강우전기담소린소오염물수출이과립태위주，차과립태토양대린소적부집작용강우담소，재경류량수출전35%시，과립태오염물（PN、PP）점거총오염물（TN、TP）수출량적60%좌우；정장강우PN/TN、PP/TP수출EMC비중재40%~60%지간파동；재담비진입저수평은정기후，강우중담소수출봉치은정；독립전괴출수중과립태오염물（SS、PN、PP）초기효응명현，이재혼합전괴출수중초기효응피약화；오염물EMC지표수출특점위SS>TN>PN>AN>NN>TP>PP>PO。
To study the output characters of nitrogen and phosphorus in paddy field’s runoff during rainfall, systematic monitoring of runoff pollutants was conducted in the entire process of two typical rainfall-runoffs in Hejiabang Creek Basin of Tai Lake Region. The changes of pollutant concentration and M (V) curve of pollutant in the mixed effluent from paddy fields and effluent from independent paddy field were drawn, and the EMC of runoff as well as the output percentage of PN/TN (particulate nitrogen/total nitrogen), PP/TP (particulate phosphorus/total phosphorus) in the runoff were calculated. The results showed that during moderate rain during moderate rain the heavy rainfall leads to sharp increase of SS (suspended solids), PN (Particulate nitrogen), PP (Particulate phosphorus) concentration. The maximum variation amplitudes of SS, PN and PP are 628.77, 4.43 and 0.46 mg·L-1, respectively. However there has no obvious impact on AN (ammonia nitrogen), NN (nitrate nitrogen), PO (phosphate). In early rainfall, the output of nitrogen and phosphorus are mainly in the form of particle. The soil in particulate state has stronger enrichment effect on phosphorus than on nitrogen. During the early 35%output of runoff, pollutants in particulate state (PN, PP) take up 60%of the total pollutant (TN, TP) output; the EMC proportion of PN/TN, PP/TP output fluctuates between 40% and 60%. When nitrogenous fertilizer comes to low level and stable phase, the peak output of phosphorus also becomes stable. The first flush effect of particulate pollutants (SS, PN and PP) in the effluent form independent paddy field is stronger than that from mixed paddy field. The EMC output character of the pollutants is as follows:SS>TN>PN>AN>NN>TP>PP>PO.
