CAJ | 학술논문

珠三角是我国华南地区经济最活跃和人口最密集的地区，As 及其化合物普遍存在于环境中，被列为环境保护的重点监测物质。As在水域环境中不能被降解而消除，只能以不同的形态，在水、沉积物和生物体之间迁移转化。于2012年3月、5月、8月和12月分别对珠江三角洲河网水域13个站位水、沉积物中通过使用原子荧光光度法对As含量进行检测分析，探讨其时空分布特征，并对其污染状况进行初步评价，为该水域的生态环境保护提供基础依据。结果显示，水体As含量范围为0.43~7.27μg·L-1。水体中As含量存在明显的时空差异分布特征。时间上，5月略高于3月、8月和12月，其平均值分别为4.21、3.73、2.06和1.14μg·L-1；空间上，青岐（W1）等5个站位聚为一类，除横沥外，其余站位大多分布在西江干流上，具有相似的分布特征，可能主要受西江径流的面源污染影响而具有相似的砷污染来源；其余8个站位聚为一类，包括城镇化及城市化高度发达，人口密度大的河网分叉水域站位，所在区域城镇化主导行业差异较大，受居民生活污水和工业废水排入的影响大，主要为点源污染，受径流影响较小。珠江河网表层沉积物，As 含量范围为2.72~71.5 mg·kg-1，最大超标倍数为3.57，平均值为20.3 mg·kg-1。地质累积指数评价与潜在生态风险系数评价法分别考虑到重金属在土壤中的地球化学行为及环境毒性差异等因素，这两种方法结果一致表明研究区域为低污染水平。结合应用这两种评价方法，可更全面地对珠三角河网沉积物As污染状况进行系统评价。对河网各月份水和沉积物中As含量进行线性回归分析,发现两者存在显著意义的负相关关系r=0.356>r0.05(1,50)=0.273，可能是含As污染物进入水体后，在水体不断的稀释、沉降、生化等作用的综合影响，呈现空间延伸性变化的特点。珠三角是我國華南地區經濟最活躍和人口最密集的地區，As 及其化閤物普遍存在于環境中，被列為環境保護的重點鑑測物質。As在水域環境中不能被降解而消除，隻能以不同的形態，在水、沉積物和生物體之間遷移轉化。于2012年3月、5月、8月和12月分彆對珠江三角洲河網水域13箇站位水、沉積物中通過使用原子熒光光度法對As含量進行檢測分析，探討其時空分佈特徵，併對其汙染狀況進行初步評價，為該水域的生態環境保護提供基礎依據。結果顯示，水體As含量範圍為0.43~7.27μg·L-1。水體中As含量存在明顯的時空差異分佈特徵。時間上，5月略高于3月、8月和12月，其平均值分彆為4.21、3.73、2.06和1.14μg·L-1；空間上，青岐（W1）等5箇站位聚為一類，除橫瀝外，其餘站位大多分佈在西江榦流上，具有相似的分佈特徵，可能主要受西江徑流的麵源汙染影響而具有相似的砷汙染來源；其餘8箇站位聚為一類，包括城鎮化及城市化高度髮達，人口密度大的河網分扠水域站位，所在區域城鎮化主導行業差異較大，受居民生活汙水和工業廢水排入的影響大，主要為點源汙染，受徑流影響較小。珠江河網錶層沉積物，As 含量範圍為2.72~71.5 mg·kg-1，最大超標倍數為3.57，平均值為20.3 mg·kg-1。地質纍積指數評價與潛在生態風險繫數評價法分彆攷慮到重金屬在土壤中的地毬化學行為及環境毒性差異等因素，這兩種方法結果一緻錶明研究區域為低汙染水平。結閤應用這兩種評價方法，可更全麵地對珠三角河網沉積物As汙染狀況進行繫統評價。對河網各月份水和沉積物中As含量進行線性迴歸分析,髮現兩者存在顯著意義的負相關關繫r=0.356>r0.05(1,50)=0.273，可能是含As汙染物進入水體後，在水體不斷的稀釋、沉降、生化等作用的綜閤影響，呈現空間延伸性變化的特點。
주삼각시아국화남지구경제최활약화인구최밀집적지구，As 급기화합물보편존재우배경중，피렬위배경보호적중점감측물질。As재수역배경중불능피강해이소제，지능이불동적형태，재수、침적물화생물체지간천이전화。우2012년3월、5월、8월화12월분별대주강삼각주하망수역13개참위수、침적물중통과사용원자형광광도법대As함량진행검측분석，탐토기시공분포특정，병대기오염상황진행초보평개，위해수역적생태배경보호제공기출의거。결과현시，수체As함량범위위0.43~7.27μg·L-1。수체중As함량존재명현적시공차이분포특정。시간상，5월략고우3월、8월화12월，기평균치분별위4.21、3.73、2.06화1.14μg·L-1；공간상，청기（W1）등5개참위취위일류，제횡력외，기여참위대다분포재서강간류상，구유상사적분포특정，가능주요수서강경류적면원오염영향이구유상사적신오염래원；기여8개참위취위일류，포괄성진화급성시화고도발체，인구밀도대적하망분차수역참위，소재구역성진화주도행업차이교대，수거민생활오수화공업폐수배입적영향대，주요위점원오염，수경류영향교소。주강하망표층침적물，As 함량범위위2.72~71.5 mg·kg-1，최대초표배수위3.57，평균치위20.3 mg·kg-1。지질루적지수평개여잠재생태풍험계수평개법분별고필도중금속재토양중적지구화학행위급배경독성차이등인소，저량충방법결과일치표명연구구역위저오염수평。결합응용저량충평개방법，가경전면지대주삼각하망침적물As오염상황진행계통평개。대하망각월빈수화침적물중As함량진행선성회귀분석,발현량자존재현저의의적부상관관계r=0.356>r0.05(1,50)=0.273，가능시함As오염물진입수체후，재수체불단적희석、침강、생화등작용적종합영향，정현공간연신성변화적특점。
The Pearl River Delta (PRD) is the most developed and densely populated area in south China. With the rapid development of economy, the concentration of arsenic in the environment, especially in aquatic ecosystems, has been widely monitored. As one of the hazardous metalloid toxicant, arsenic can’t be eliminated by degradation, but be migrated and transformed among water, sediment and biota in different forms, which may threaten the ecological health. To investigate the distribution and pollution levels of arsenic in the PRD, water and sediment samples were collected in 13 sampling sites during March, May, August and December of 2012. Arsenic contents were determined by atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry. The concentration of dissolved arsenic ranged from 0.43 to 7.27 μg·L-1 during the whole investigation, showing obvious temporal and spatial variation. Temporally, the average arsenic concentration in water was slightly higher in May than that in March, August and December, with the average concentration of 4.21, 3.73, 2.06 and 1.14 μg·L-1, respectively. In terms of the spatial distribution, arsenic concentrations in five sampling sites including Qingqi, Zuotan, Waihai, Xiaolan and Hengli were defined as one cluster. These sites principally located in the West River, showed similar distribution characteristics. The similar source of arsenic in these areas might be mainly affected by non-point source pollution in the runoff of West River. The remaining eight sites, with highly developed urbanization and high population density, were regarded as the other cluster. These sites were mainly affected by point source pollution of arsenic, which were derived from sewage and industrial waste water. While the influence of run off was not significant. The content of arsenic ranged from 2.72 to 71.5 mg·kg-1 in the surface sediment of the PRD, with the highest overweight multiples of 3.57, and the average concentration of 20.3 mg·kg-1. The potential ecological risk assessment results indicated that the concentration of arsenic in the surface sediment of the PRD were at low contamination levels, which were consistent with the geological accumulation index evaluation results. Combining these two methods can comprehensively evaluate arsenic biogeochemical behavior and its toxic effects to biota. Significant negative correlation was found between arsenic concentration inwater and that in sediments (r=0.356>r0.05 (1, 50)=0.273), which might due to the dilution, sedimentation and biochemical effects in the water systems.