生态环境学报
生態環境學報
생태배경학보
ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
2015年
5期
778-784
,共7页
土壤pH%交换性盐基阳离子%交换性Al离子%桑园%玉米%轮作
土壤pH%交換性鹽基暘離子%交換性Al離子%桑園%玉米%輪作
토양pH%교환성염기양리자%교환성Al리자%상완%옥미%륜작
soil pH%exchangeable base cation%exchangeable Al%mulberry plantation%maize%rotation
随着桑园植桑年龄的增加，桑地土壤质量降低，桑树生物量减少，严重制约着养蚕业的可持续发展。这可能与土壤pH降低、营养元素的流失和有害元素的积累有关。选取广西宜州和贵州荔波的桑树（Morus alba）种植园和临近种玉米（Zea mays）轮作地的土壤，分析土壤可交换性盐基阳离子（Ca，Mg，K和Na），可交换性铝（Al）、土壤pH等土壤参数，研究土壤pH在桑树地和玉米轮作地之间的差异，讨论影响土壤pH变化的因素。实验结果表明，相对于玉米轮作地，桑园地土壤pH 5年下降了0.38个pH单位。相应地，桑园地土壤可交换性盐基阳离子（Ca，Mg和K）的含量略低于玉米轮作地，桑地土壤交换性Al的含量(2.35±2.68) mmol·kg-1却显著高于玉米轮作地(1.44±2.13) mmol·kg-1（P=0.002）。因此，桑园地和玉米轮作地土壤可交换性Ca和Al之间呈现出显著的负相关关系。桑园地土壤可交换性NH4+-N含量略高于玉米轮作地。得出结论：随着桑园经营年代的增加，土壤酸化的同时，营养元素（Ca，Mg和K）的流失和有害元素（Al）的积累，土壤质量下降。玉米轮作缓解土壤酸化。显然，不同的经营模式要影响土壤pH变化。导致土壤pH变化的主导因素是碳和氮的循环。在农业生产过程中，我们应该提倡不同作物轮作，以适当的方式将秸秆还田，以保持良好的土地质量。
隨著桑園植桑年齡的增加，桑地土壤質量降低，桑樹生物量減少，嚴重製約著養蠶業的可持續髮展。這可能與土壤pH降低、營養元素的流失和有害元素的積纍有關。選取廣西宜州和貴州荔波的桑樹（Morus alba）種植園和臨近種玉米（Zea mays）輪作地的土壤，分析土壤可交換性鹽基暘離子（Ca，Mg，K和Na），可交換性鋁（Al）、土壤pH等土壤參數，研究土壤pH在桑樹地和玉米輪作地之間的差異，討論影響土壤pH變化的因素。實驗結果錶明，相對于玉米輪作地，桑園地土壤pH 5年下降瞭0.38箇pH單位。相應地，桑園地土壤可交換性鹽基暘離子（Ca，Mg和K）的含量略低于玉米輪作地，桑地土壤交換性Al的含量(2.35±2.68) mmol·kg-1卻顯著高于玉米輪作地(1.44±2.13) mmol·kg-1（P=0.002）。因此，桑園地和玉米輪作地土壤可交換性Ca和Al之間呈現齣顯著的負相關關繫。桑園地土壤可交換性NH4+-N含量略高于玉米輪作地。得齣結論：隨著桑園經營年代的增加，土壤痠化的同時，營養元素（Ca，Mg和K）的流失和有害元素（Al）的積纍，土壤質量下降。玉米輪作緩解土壤痠化。顯然，不同的經營模式要影響土壤pH變化。導緻土壤pH變化的主導因素是碳和氮的循環。在農業生產過程中，我們應該提倡不同作物輪作，以適噹的方式將秸稈還田，以保持良好的土地質量。
수착상완식상년령적증가，상지토양질량강저，상수생물량감소，엄중제약착양잠업적가지속발전。저가능여토양pH강저、영양원소적류실화유해원소적적루유관。선취엄서의주화귀주려파적상수（Morus alba）충식완화림근충옥미（Zea mays）륜작지적토양，분석토양가교환성염기양리자（Ca，Mg，K화Na），가교환성려（Al）、토양pH등토양삼수，연구토양pH재상수지화옥미륜작지지간적차이，토론영향토양pH변화적인소。실험결과표명，상대우옥미륜작지，상완지토양pH 5년하강료0.38개pH단위。상응지，상완지토양가교환성염기양리자（Ca，Mg화K）적함량략저우옥미륜작지，상지토양교환성Al적함량(2.35±2.68) mmol·kg-1각현저고우옥미륜작지(1.44±2.13) mmol·kg-1（P=0.002）。인차，상완지화옥미륜작지토양가교환성Ca화Al지간정현출현저적부상관관계。상완지토양가교환성NH4+-N함량략고우옥미륜작지。득출결론：수착상완경영년대적증가，토양산화적동시，영양원소（Ca，Mg화K）적류실화유해원소（Al）적적루，토양질량하강。옥미륜작완해토양산화。현연，불동적경영모식요영향토양pH변화。도치토양pH변화적주도인소시탄화담적순배。재농업생산과정중，아문응해제창불동작물륜작，이괄당적방식장갈간환전，이보지량호적토지질량。
With increasing age of mulberry plantation, soil degradation process enhanced, and leaf biomass decreased, which should be associated with decrease of soil pH, loss of nutrient elements and accumulation of harmful element. The soil samples were collected from Yizhou in Guangxi Province and Libo in Guizhou Province, China. The concentrations of exchangeable base cations (Ca, Mg, K and Na), and exchangeable Al, and soil pH and other soil parameters were analyzed in order to study the differences of soil pH between mulberry (Morus alba) and maize (Zea mays) soils, and to discuss the factors influencing the changes of soil pH. Results show that soil pH in mulberry plantations has decreased 0.38 unit relative to maize soils during 5 years. Consequently, the concentrations of base cations (Ca, Mg and K) in mulberry soils were lower than those in maize soils, though not statistically significant. But the concentrations of exchangeable Al in mulberry soils (2.35±2.68) mmol·kg-1 were significantly higher than that in maize soils (1.44±2.13) mmol·kg-1 (P=0.042). Therefore, there was a significant relationship between soil exchangeable Ca and Al concentrations. The concentrations of exchangeable NH4+-N in mulberry soils were higher than those in maize soils, though not statistically significant. Here, we concluded that soil pH decreased with continuous cropping in mulberry plantation. Correspondingly, soil available Ca, Mg and K concentrations decreased, and soil available Al concentrations increased. Factors causing decrease of soil pH in mulberry plantations relative to maize rotation soils are complex. Among them the cycling of carbon and nitrogen in plant-soil system is the main factor causing the changes of soil pH. Various managements for cropping system also determine the direction and magnitude of pH change. It is suggested that the rotation of cropping plants and return of plant residue into soils should be promoted for increasing soil quality.
