天津农学院学报
天津農學院學報
천진농학원학보
JOURNAL OF TIANJIN AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE
2015年
2期
33-36
,共4页
闫秀娜%李芳%阎国荣%于玮玮
閆秀娜%李芳%閻國榮%于瑋瑋
염수나%리방%염국영%우위위
新疆野苹果%濒危植物%种子%萌发
新疆野蘋果%瀕危植物%種子%萌髮
신강야평과%빈위식물%충자%맹발
Malus sieversii%endangered plant%seed%germination
新疆野苹果是珍稀的第三纪残遗植物。作为珍贵的果树种质资源，其具有抗寒性强、耐虫、耐病、耐旱等优良性状。本文研究了不同居群新疆野苹果种子萌发的生物学特性，研究表明，不同居群新疆野苹果种子的千粒重存在差异，红肉苹果（HR）＞巩留居群（GY）＞新源居群（XY）＞那拉提居群（NY），其千粒重分别为26.86、25.63、23.58和19.76 g。种子经过去皮处理可以大大加快其萌发速度，其3 d后萌发率可达到100%；而室外低温层积种子在40 d后开始萌发，发芽率为85.67%；冰箱冷藏层积处理萌发速度最慢，60 d左右才开始萌发，发芽率为91.33%，从而推测影响新疆野苹果种子萌发的限制因素为种皮。0～3 a的种子可以保持较高的萌发力，萌发率可达87%以上；7 a的种子生活力急剧下降，萌发率仅为31.6%。红肉苹果发芽率最高，达到93%；新源居群次之；最低的为那拉提居群，仅为74%。
新疆野蘋果是珍稀的第三紀殘遺植物。作為珍貴的果樹種質資源，其具有抗寒性彊、耐蟲、耐病、耐旱等優良性狀。本文研究瞭不同居群新疆野蘋果種子萌髮的生物學特性，研究錶明，不同居群新疆野蘋果種子的韆粒重存在差異，紅肉蘋果（HR）＞鞏留居群（GY）＞新源居群（XY）＞那拉提居群（NY），其韆粒重分彆為26.86、25.63、23.58和19.76 g。種子經過去皮處理可以大大加快其萌髮速度，其3 d後萌髮率可達到100%；而室外低溫層積種子在40 d後開始萌髮，髮芽率為85.67%；冰箱冷藏層積處理萌髮速度最慢，60 d左右纔開始萌髮，髮芽率為91.33%，從而推測影響新疆野蘋果種子萌髮的限製因素為種皮。0～3 a的種子可以保持較高的萌髮力，萌髮率可達87%以上；7 a的種子生活力急劇下降，萌髮率僅為31.6%。紅肉蘋果髮芽率最高，達到93%；新源居群次之；最低的為那拉提居群，僅為74%。
신강야평과시진희적제삼기잔유식물。작위진귀적과수충질자원，기구유항한성강、내충、내병、내한등우량성상。본문연구료불동거군신강야평과충자맹발적생물학특성，연구표명，불동거군신강야평과충자적천립중존재차이，홍육평과（HR）＞공류거군（GY）＞신원거군（XY）＞나랍제거군（NY），기천립중분별위26.86、25.63、23.58화19.76 g。충자경과거피처리가이대대가쾌기맹발속도，기3 d후맹발솔가체도100%；이실외저온층적충자재40 d후개시맹발，발아솔위85.67%；빙상랭장층적처리맹발속도최만，60 d좌우재개시맹발，발아솔위91.33%，종이추측영향신강야평과충자맹발적한제인소위충피。0～3 a적충자가이보지교고적맹발력，맹발솔가체87%이상；7 a적충자생활력급극하강，맹발솔부위31.6%。홍육평과발아솔최고，체도93%；신원거군차지；최저적위나랍제거군，부위74%。
Malus sieversii is a tertiary relict plant. As a precious fruit germplasm, it has some excellent traits, such as stronger anti-cold ability, the resistance to insect, disease and drought. In this paper, the biological characteristics of seed germination in different populations of Malus sieversii were explored. The results show that 1 000-seed weight varied among different populations, and those of HR were the heaviest (26.86 g), subsequently with GY population (25.63 g), XY population (23.58 g) and NY population (19.76 g). By comparing three different methods of seed germination, it is concluded that the germination rate was much higher with removing the seed coat, reaching to 100% after 3 days. However, the seeds stratified outdoor at low temperature started to germinate after 40 days, with germination rate of 85.67%. When treated in freezer at 4 ℃, the seeds germinated after 60 days, with germination rate of 91.33%. The seed coat could be the main limiting factor for its germination. According to the study, it is can also be concluded that seeds stored for less than 3 years have higher germination rate of over 87%, seeds stored for 7 years dropped prominently to 31.6%. These results also show that germination rate in HR population was the highest (93%), followed by XY population, and that in NY population was the lowest (74%).
