中华围产医学杂志
中華圍產醫學雜誌
중화위산의학잡지
CHINESE JOURNAL OF PERINATAL MEDICINE
2015年
7期
521-526
,共6页
李兵%尹爱华%骆明勇%武丽%马远珠%王雄虎%张小庄%赵庆国
李兵%尹愛華%駱明勇%武麗%馬遠珠%王雄虎%張小莊%趙慶國
리병%윤애화%락명용%무려%마원주%왕웅호%장소장%조경국
α地中海贫血%产前诊断%基因检测
α地中海貧血%產前診斷%基因檢測
α지중해빈혈%산전진단%기인검측
Alpha-thalassemia%Prenatal diagnosis%Genetic testing
目的:比较广东省常用产前α-地中海贫血(简称地贫)筛查方案的效果和成本,为地贫预防控制项目的实施和临床决策提供依据。方法采用多阶段整群抽样的方式,在广东省21个地市91家助产服务机构,选择2012年6月至12月在这些机构中住院分娩或引产的孕产妇及其配偶13284对和13369例新生儿/胎儿(子代),检测平均红细胞体积(mean cell volume,MCV)/平均红细胞血红蛋白(mean corpuscular hemoglobin,MCH)、血红蛋白A2水平及α-地贫基因。比较常见α-地贫筛查方案的筛查效能及成本。筛查方案一为基于孕妇MCV/MCH和血红蛋白A2的串联筛查。方案二为基于孕妇MCV/MCH和Hb A2的并联筛查。方案三为基于孕妇夫妇双方的MCV、MCH和血红蛋白A2的串联筛查。夫妇双方如果同时携带α0-地贫或血红蛋白H病,则其胎儿进行α-地贫产前诊断。采用漏诊率、灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值评价筛查效能,统计学分析采用χ2检验。结果筛查孕妇α-地贫基因携带的灵敏度和特异度在方案一为74.82%(1352/1807)、特异度为74.11%(8506/11477),在方案二分别为89.82%(1623/1807)和48.60%(5578/11477)。1.67%(221/13284)的夫妇同时携带α-地贫基因。对于发现同时携带α-地贫基因夫妇的漏诊率方案一、二、三分别为50.68%(112/221)、11.76%(26/221)和11.31%(25/221)。对于发现需要进行产前诊断的夫妇,漏诊率、灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值在方案一为17.46%(11/63)、82.54%(52/63)、98.35%(13003/13221)、19.26%(52/270)和99.92%(13003/13014);在方案二为4.76%(3/63),95.24%(60/63)、88.18%(11658/13221)、3.70%(60/1623)和99.97%(11658/11661);在方案三为3.17%(2/63)、96.83%(61/63)、59.31%(7842/13221)、1.12%(61/5440)和99.97%(7842/7844)。3种筛查方案均无重型α-地贫患儿漏诊。平均每发现1对需要进行产前诊断的夫妇,方案一、二、三所需检测费用分别为37049.23、50836.00和40321.64元。广东省育龄夫妇α-地贫基因携带率为12.75%(3387/26568)、子代为12.40%(1658/13369)。结论3种筛查方案均有较好效能。作为公共卫生项目应该综合考虑各因素以选择最适宜方案,在经济条件许可的地区建议选择方案二或方案三。
目的:比較廣東省常用產前α-地中海貧血(簡稱地貧)篩查方案的效果和成本,為地貧預防控製項目的實施和臨床決策提供依據。方法採用多階段整群抽樣的方式,在廣東省21箇地市91傢助產服務機構,選擇2012年6月至12月在這些機構中住院分娩或引產的孕產婦及其配偶13284對和13369例新生兒/胎兒(子代),檢測平均紅細胞體積(mean cell volume,MCV)/平均紅細胞血紅蛋白(mean corpuscular hemoglobin,MCH)、血紅蛋白A2水平及α-地貧基因。比較常見α-地貧篩查方案的篩查效能及成本。篩查方案一為基于孕婦MCV/MCH和血紅蛋白A2的串聯篩查。方案二為基于孕婦MCV/MCH和Hb A2的併聯篩查。方案三為基于孕婦伕婦雙方的MCV、MCH和血紅蛋白A2的串聯篩查。伕婦雙方如果同時攜帶α0-地貧或血紅蛋白H病,則其胎兒進行α-地貧產前診斷。採用漏診率、靈敏度、特異度、暘性預測值和陰性預測值評價篩查效能,統計學分析採用χ2檢驗。結果篩查孕婦α-地貧基因攜帶的靈敏度和特異度在方案一為74.82%(1352/1807)、特異度為74.11%(8506/11477),在方案二分彆為89.82%(1623/1807)和48.60%(5578/11477)。1.67%(221/13284)的伕婦同時攜帶α-地貧基因。對于髮現同時攜帶α-地貧基因伕婦的漏診率方案一、二、三分彆為50.68%(112/221)、11.76%(26/221)和11.31%(25/221)。對于髮現需要進行產前診斷的伕婦,漏診率、靈敏度、特異度、暘性預測值和陰性預測值在方案一為17.46%(11/63)、82.54%(52/63)、98.35%(13003/13221)、19.26%(52/270)和99.92%(13003/13014);在方案二為4.76%(3/63),95.24%(60/63)、88.18%(11658/13221)、3.70%(60/1623)和99.97%(11658/11661);在方案三為3.17%(2/63)、96.83%(61/63)、59.31%(7842/13221)、1.12%(61/5440)和99.97%(7842/7844)。3種篩查方案均無重型α-地貧患兒漏診。平均每髮現1對需要進行產前診斷的伕婦,方案一、二、三所需檢測費用分彆為37049.23、50836.00和40321.64元。廣東省育齡伕婦α-地貧基因攜帶率為12.75%(3387/26568)、子代為12.40%(1658/13369)。結論3種篩查方案均有較好效能。作為公共衛生項目應該綜閤攷慮各因素以選擇最適宜方案,在經濟條件許可的地區建議選擇方案二或方案三。
목적:비교광동성상용산전α-지중해빈혈(간칭지빈)사사방안적효과화성본,위지빈예방공제항목적실시화림상결책제공의거。방법채용다계단정군추양적방식,재광동성21개지시91가조산복무궤구,선택2012년6월지12월재저사궤구중주원분면혹인산적잉산부급기배우13284대화13369례신생인/태인(자대),검측평균홍세포체적(mean cell volume,MCV)/평균홍세포혈홍단백(mean corpuscular hemoglobin,MCH)、혈홍단백A2수평급α-지빈기인。비교상견α-지빈사사방안적사사효능급성본。사사방안일위기우잉부MCV/MCH화혈홍단백A2적천련사사。방안이위기우잉부MCV/MCH화Hb A2적병련사사。방안삼위기우잉부부부쌍방적MCV、MCH화혈홍단백A2적천련사사。부부쌍방여과동시휴대α0-지빈혹혈홍단백H병,칙기태인진행α-지빈산전진단。채용루진솔、령민도、특이도、양성예측치화음성예측치평개사사효능,통계학분석채용χ2검험。결과사사잉부α-지빈기인휴대적령민도화특이도재방안일위74.82%(1352/1807)、특이도위74.11%(8506/11477),재방안이분별위89.82%(1623/1807)화48.60%(5578/11477)。1.67%(221/13284)적부부동시휴대α-지빈기인。대우발현동시휴대α-지빈기인부부적루진솔방안일、이、삼분별위50.68%(112/221)、11.76%(26/221)화11.31%(25/221)。대우발현수요진행산전진단적부부,루진솔、령민도、특이도、양성예측치화음성예측치재방안일위17.46%(11/63)、82.54%(52/63)、98.35%(13003/13221)、19.26%(52/270)화99.92%(13003/13014);재방안이위4.76%(3/63),95.24%(60/63)、88.18%(11658/13221)、3.70%(60/1623)화99.97%(11658/11661);재방안삼위3.17%(2/63)、96.83%(61/63)、59.31%(7842/13221)、1.12%(61/5440)화99.97%(7842/7844)。3충사사방안균무중형α-지빈환인루진。평균매발현1대수요진행산전진단적부부,방안일、이、삼소수검측비용분별위37049.23、50836.00화40321.64원。광동성육령부부α-지빈기인휴대솔위12.75%(3387/26568)、자대위12.40%(1658/13369)。결론3충사사방안균유교호효능。작위공공위생항목응해종합고필각인소이선택최괄의방안,재경제조건허가적지구건의선택방안이혹방안삼。
Objective To compare the effect and cost of three different α-thalassemia prenatal screening strategies used in Guangdong, China, and to provide evidence for α-thalassemia prevention. Methods In total, 13 284 hospital-delivery couples and 13 369 newborns/fetuses (offspring) from 21 counties or districts of Guangdong Province were included in this study, who were treated from June to December 2012. Mean cell volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and hemoglobin A2 (Hb A2) were detected in the couples, and 6 types ofα-globin gene mutations were found in all couples and newborns. The strategies were MCV/MCH and serum Hb A2 (protocolⅠ) or parallel screening based on pregnant women (protocolⅡ), and serum screening based on couples (protocolⅢ). The validity and reliability of the three strategies were then compared using the Chi-square test. Results The sensitivity and the specificity of pregnant women who wereα-thalassemia carriers in protocolⅠwere 74.82%(1 352/1 807) and 74.11%(8 506/11 477), and were 89.82%(1 623/1 807) and 48.60%(5 578/11 477) in protocol Ⅱ , respectively. And 1.67% (221/13 284) couples were bothα-thalassemia carriers by the gene test. The rate of missed diagnosis in bothα-thalassemia carrier couples in protocolsⅠ,ⅡandⅢwas 50.68%(112/221), 11.76%(26/221) and 11.31%(25/221), respectively. In couples who needed prenatal diagnosis, the rates of missed diagnosis, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 17.46%(11/63), 82.54%(52/63),98.35%(13 003/13 221), 19.26%(52/270) and 99.92%(13 003/13 014) in protocolⅠ;4.76%(3/63), 95.24%(60/63), 88.18%(11 658/13 221), 3.70%(60/1 623) and 99.97%(11 658/11 661) in protocolⅡ;and 3.17%(2/63), 96.83%(61/63), 59.31%(7 842/13 221), 1.12%(61/5 440) and 99.97%(7 842/7 844) in protocol Ⅲ , respectively. The diagnosis of severeα-thalassemia was not missed in all three screening strategies. The mean cost of protocols Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ for detecting a couple who needed prenatal diagnosis was 37 049.23, 50 836.00 and 40 321.64 RMB, respectively. Conclusions The three screening protocols have good efficiency in screening forα-thalassemia. However, protocolsⅡandⅢare preferred when financial conditions permit.