中华实用儿科临床杂志
中華實用兒科臨床雜誌
중화실용인과림상잡지
Journal of Applied Clinical Pediatrics
2015年
13期
965-967
,共3页
儿童%高血压%原发性高血压%继发性高血压%病因
兒童%高血壓%原髮性高血壓%繼髮性高血壓%病因
인동%고혈압%원발성고혈압%계발성고혈압%병인
Child%Hypertension%Primary hypertension%Secondary hypertension%Etiology
儿童高血压指在至少3次血压测量中收缩压和/或舒张压均≥同年龄、同性别、同身高的血压第95百分位。大龄儿童原发性高血压多见，而年龄越小，继发性因素的可能性越大。继发性因素以肾血管疾病、肾实质疾病、心血管性疾病和内分泌疾病常见。根据病史、体格检查可初步分类原发性和继发性高血压，辅助检查可进一步协助诊断。儿童高血压发病率呈增高趋势，及时明确儿童高血压的诊断及其病因有助于对高血压进行有效的管理和治疗。
兒童高血壓指在至少3次血壓測量中收縮壓和/或舒張壓均≥同年齡、同性彆、同身高的血壓第95百分位。大齡兒童原髮性高血壓多見，而年齡越小，繼髮性因素的可能性越大。繼髮性因素以腎血管疾病、腎實質疾病、心血管性疾病和內分泌疾病常見。根據病史、體格檢查可初步分類原髮性和繼髮性高血壓，輔助檢查可進一步協助診斷。兒童高血壓髮病率呈增高趨勢，及時明確兒童高血壓的診斷及其病因有助于對高血壓進行有效的管理和治療。
인동고혈압지재지소3차혈압측량중수축압화/혹서장압균≥동년령、동성별、동신고적혈압제95백분위。대령인동원발성고혈압다견，이년령월소，계발성인소적가능성월대。계발성인소이신혈관질병、신실질질병、심혈관성질병화내분비질병상견。근거병사、체격검사가초보분류원발성화계발성고혈압，보조검사가진일보협조진단。인동고혈압발병솔정증고추세，급시명학인동고혈압적진단급기병인유조우대고혈압진행유효적관리화치료。
Hypertension in children and adolescents is defined as systolic blood pressure(SBP)and/ or dias-tolic blood pressure(DBP)≥95th percentile for age,gender and height,on at least 3 occasions. Primary hypertension is more common among children of older age or adolescents,while secondary hypertension accounts for more cases for younger children. Among causes of secondary hypertension,renovascular diseases,renal parenchymal diseases,cardio-vascular diseases,and endocrine diseases are common. An initial evaluation can be reached after history taking and physical examination,to decide whether it should be primary or secondary hypertension. Laboratory tests and procedures can further confirm the classification and etiology. There is an increase in prevalence of hypertension in children and adolescents,and an in - time diagnosis and evaluation of hypertension is important to help patients receive a better management of their conditions.
