CAJ | 학술논문

近年来，我国大力推广测土配方施肥，有效改善了不合理施肥现象。研究测土配方施肥技术的节肥、减少温室气体排放效果，旨在为编制农田温室气体排放清单和制定农业减排对策提供依据。通过查阅相关文献估算我国测土配方施肥技术的节约氮肥量，应用生命周期评价（LCA）方法评估其减排效果，农田减排量依据《2006IPCC国家温室气体排放清单编制指南》提供的方法进行估算，工业生产过程的减排量依据Specific（primary）energy consumption（SEC）方法进行估算。结果表明：我国实施测土配方施肥技术可节约氮肥（27.23±7.42）kg N·hm-2；到2013年，测土配方施肥技术总计减排量达到了2500.35万t CO2-e，其中由于氮肥田间施用量的减少导致农田总共减排1171.83万t CO2-e，由于工业生产氮肥量的减少而节约标煤583.45万t，减排1328.52万t CO2-e。测土配方施肥技术不仅可以节约氮肥用量，还可以降低温室气体排放量，因而应加大投资力度，扩大测土配方施肥面积，同时对测土配方施肥技术的适用性和经济性进行评价，进一步提高测土配方施肥技术的节肥减排效果，增强农业减排能力。
근년래，아국대력추엄측토배방시비，유효개선료불합리시비현상。연구측토배방시비기술적절비、감소온실기체배방효과，지재위편제농전온실기체배방청단화제정농업감배대책제공의거。통과사열상관문헌고산아국측토배방시비기술적절약담비량，응용생명주기평개（LCA）방법평고기감배효과，농전감배량의거《2006IPCC국가온실기체배방청단편제지남》제공적방법진행고산，공업생산과정적감배량의거Specific（primary）energy consumption（SEC）방법진행고산。결과표명：아국실시측토배방시비기술가절약담비（27.23±7.42）kg N·hm-2；도2013년，측토배방시비기술총계감배량체도료2500.35만t CO2-e，기중유우담비전간시용량적감소도치농전총공감배1171.83만t CO2-e，유우공업생산담비량적감소이절약표매583.45만t，감배1328.52만t CO2-e。측토배방시비기술불부가이절약담비용량，환가이강저온실기체배방량，인이응가대투자력도，확대측토배방시비면적，동시대측토배방시비기술적괄용성화경제성진행평개，진일보제고측토배방시비기술적절비감배효과，증강농업감배능력。
In recent years, China has actively been promoting the technology of balanced fertilization, which has greatly reduced unfavorable effects of fertilization. Studying the effects of this technology on the minimization of nitrogen fertilizer use and the reduction of greenhouse gas emission would provide the basis for establishing inventory of farmland greenhouse gas emissions and proposing measures for agricultural greenhouse gas emission reduction. In this study, data from the relevant literatures was used to estimate the amount of nitrogen fertilizer sav-ing by balanced fertilization. Life Cycle Assessment(LCA)was used to evaluate the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by balanced fer-tilization. The amount of emission reduction in farmlands and industrial processes was estimated by the methods used in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for Nation Greenhouse Gas Inventories and the specific(primary)energy consumption(SEC), respectively. Balanced fertilization reduced the use of nitrogen fertilizers by(27.23±7.42)kg N·hm-2. In 2013, the total emission reduction by balanced fertilization was 25 003 500 tons CO2-e, of which 11 718 300 tons CO2-e was from farmlands. Of farmland sources, 10 142 100 tons CO2-e was direct N2O emission re-duction and 1 576 100 tons CO2-e from reduced nitrogen volatilization and leaching/runoff. Industrial processes contributed to the reduction of 13 285 200 tons CO2-e from the conservation of 5 834 500 tons standard coal by reduced nitrogen fertilizer production. Implementing bal-anced fertilization could reduce nitrogen fertilizer use and thus greenhouse gas emissions.