CAJ | 학술논문

通过分析定量化不同肥料管理模式下的农田水氮利用效率和氮素平衡状况，为推荐合理的肥料管理模式提供依据。以连续6年（1992年9月—1998年7月）不同肥料管理模式（传统化肥，T1；有机肥，T2；有机无机配施，T3）的田间试验数据为基础，对土壤-作物系统碳氮水循环过程模型WHCNS进行了校验，应用校验后的模型定量化分析了不同肥料管理模式下的农田氮素淋失、水氮利用效率及氮素平衡。结果表明：3个处理6年的总渗漏量均很大，在1230 mm左右，占总降雨量（无灌溉）的35％~38％，与试验地土壤质地偏砂性有关。3个处理的水分利用效率大小顺序为T3＞T1＞T2，作物产量的差异是其主要原因，T3处理的作物产量最高而T2处理的作物产量最低。3个处理的氮素利用效率大小顺序为T3＞T2＞T1，氮素的主要去向是作物吸收和硝态氮淋洗，其中只施化肥处理的氮素淋洗率最大，占氮肥总量的33.6％，有机无机配施处理的氮素淋洗率最低，仅占氮肥总量的23.5％。经过6年轮作后的土壤与初始条件相比，只施用化肥的土壤氮素亏缺严重，达到144 kg N·hm-2，而加入有机肥模式土壤氮素亏缺较小，T2和T3处理分别为55、79 kg N·hm-2。有机无机配施模式在保证作物较高产量的情况下，不仅减小了硝态氮的淋洗，提高了水氮利用效率，而且有利于保持土壤氮素平衡，是3种肥料管理模式中最好的。
통과분석정양화불동비료관리모식하적농전수담이용효솔화담소평형상황，위추천합리적비료관리모식제공의거。이련속6년（1992년9월—1998년7월）불동비료관리모식（전통화비，T1；유궤비，T2；유궤무궤배시，T3）적전간시험수거위기출，대토양-작물계통탄담수순배과정모형WHCNS진행료교험，응용교험후적모형정양화분석료불동비료관리모식하적농전담소림실、수담이용효솔급담소평형。결과표명：3개처리6년적총삼루량균흔대，재1230 mm좌우，점총강우량（무관개）적35％~38％，여시험지토양질지편사성유관。3개처리적수분이용효솔대소순서위T3＞T1＞T2，작물산량적차이시기주요원인，T3처리적작물산량최고이T2처리적작물산량최저。3개처리적담소이용효솔대소순서위T3＞T2＞T1，담소적주요거향시작물흡수화초태담림세，기중지시화비처리적담소림세솔최대，점담비총량적33.6％，유궤무궤배시처리적담소림세솔최저，부점담비총량적23.5％。경과6년륜작후적토양여초시조건상비，지시용화비적토양담소우결엄중，체도144 kg N·hm-2，이가입유궤비모식토양담소우결교소，T2화T3처리분별위55、79 kg N·hm-2。유궤무궤배시모식재보증작물교고산량적정황하，불부감소료초태담적림세，제고료수담이용효솔，이차유리우보지토양담소평형，시3충비료관리모식중최호적。
The objectives of this study were to quantify water and nitrogen use efficiencies(WUE, NUE)and N balance in farmland under different fertilizer management practices, and to recommend optimal fertilizer management practice. Based on six year(1992—1998)field experimental dataset under different fertilizer management practices(traditional mineral fertilizer, T1;organic manure, T2;combined organic manure and mineral fertilizer, T3), the WHCNS(Soil Water Heat Carbon and Nitrogen Simulation)model was calibrated and validated, and then was used to simulate the crop yield, nitrate leaching, WUE, NUE and N balance under different fertilizer management practices. Re-sults showed that the amount of total drainage of three treatments during six years was as high as 1230 mm, accounting for 35%~38%of the total rainfall(no irrigation). The WUEs for three treatments were in order of T3>T1>T2, which was in consistent with the crop yields. The T3 treatment had the highest yield, while the T2 was the lowest. The main fates of N in the farmland were crop uptake and nitrate leaching. Ni-trate leaching in the T1 treatment was the highest, amounting to 33.6%of total fertilizer inputs, whereas the lowest in T3, which was about 23.5%of total N applied. The NUEs was in the following order:T3>T2>T1. Compared to the initial soil mineral N, soil N after six-year cul-tivation was reduced by 144 kg N·hm-2 in T1, while the reduction was only 55 kg N·hm-2 and 79 kg N·hm-2 in T2 and T3. The present find-ings indicate that combination of organic manure and mineral fertilizer is the best management practice, which not only reduces nitrate leaching, but also enhances WUE and NUE and maintains soil N balance.