中华预防医学杂志
中華預防醫學雜誌
중화예방의학잡지
CHINESE JOURNAL OF
2015年
7期
632-637
,共6页
张世清%汪天平%何家昶%李华忠%田学根%高风华
張世清%汪天平%何傢昶%李華忠%田學根%高風華
장세청%왕천평%하가창%리화충%전학근%고풍화
血吸虫病%感染%三峡水利工程%流行
血吸蟲病%感染%三峽水利工程%流行
혈흡충병%감염%삼협수리공정%류행
Schistosomiasis%Infection%Three gorges reservoir project%Prevalence
目的：分析三峡水利枢纽工程（三峡工程）蓄水前后安徽省钉螺分布和长江安徽段水位变化情况，以及二者与血吸虫病传播的相关性。方法收集1991—2012年长江安徽段大通水文站相关水文信息资料，以及同期安徽省血吸虫病病情和螺情资料。根据血吸虫病病情，分别推算全省血吸虫病病例数和病畜数，计算全省人群和家畜血吸虫平均感染率。比较三峡工程蓄水前（1991—2002年）后（2003—2012年）钉螺面积及钉螺密度的差异，分析长江安徽段水位与钉螺面积及血吸虫感染率的相关性。结果1991—2012年最高水位、最低水位、最高最低水位差、丰水期水位均值、枯水期水位均值和丰枯水位差值变化幅度分别为11.40~16.30、3.68~5.20、6.70~12.12、9.92~14.40、4.77~7.64和4.13~8.93 m。蓄水前、后全省钉螺面积分别为（28613±362）、（29477±918）hm2（t=-3.00，P=0.007），钉螺密度的P50（P25~P75）分别为1.51（1.15~2.43）、0.43（0.29~1.10）只/0.11 m2（H=4.28，P<0.001）。蓄水前全省人群和家畜的血吸虫平均感染率分别为1.68%（99482/5935147）和4.62%（13923/301133），人群平均急性感染例数为328例，蓄水后分别为0.60%（39747/6649380）和1.65%（1291/783224），人群平均急性感染例数为71例。钉螺面积与最高水位、最高和最低水位差值、丰水期水位均值均呈负相关（r值分别为-0.514、-0.509和-0.477，P值分别为0.014、0.015和0.025）；人群血吸虫感染率与最高水位、最高最低水位差值、丰水期水位均值均呈正相关（r值分别为0.532、0.587和0.446，P值分别为0.011、0.004和0.038）；家畜血吸虫感染率与最高水位、最高最低水位差值均呈正相关（r值分别为0.507和0.553，P值分别为0.016和0.008）；急性血吸虫感染例数与最高水位、最高最低水位均呈正相关（r值分别为0.481和0.486，P值分别为0.023和0.022）。结论三峡工程运行后，长江安徽段水位的变化对钉螺的分布以及人畜血吸虫感染产生一定影响，钉螺分布面积呈现上升趋势，钉螺密度、人群和家畜血吸虫感染率呈现下降趋势。三峡工程运行对长江安徽段具有一定的削洪作用，对控制血吸虫病流行起到积极作用。
目的：分析三峽水利樞紐工程（三峽工程）蓄水前後安徽省釘螺分佈和長江安徽段水位變化情況，以及二者與血吸蟲病傳播的相關性。方法收集1991—2012年長江安徽段大通水文站相關水文信息資料，以及同期安徽省血吸蟲病病情和螺情資料。根據血吸蟲病病情，分彆推算全省血吸蟲病病例數和病畜數，計算全省人群和傢畜血吸蟲平均感染率。比較三峽工程蓄水前（1991—2002年）後（2003—2012年）釘螺麵積及釘螺密度的差異，分析長江安徽段水位與釘螺麵積及血吸蟲感染率的相關性。結果1991—2012年最高水位、最低水位、最高最低水位差、豐水期水位均值、枯水期水位均值和豐枯水位差值變化幅度分彆為11.40~16.30、3.68~5.20、6.70~12.12、9.92~14.40、4.77~7.64和4.13~8.93 m。蓄水前、後全省釘螺麵積分彆為（28613±362）、（29477±918）hm2（t=-3.00，P=0.007），釘螺密度的P50（P25~P75）分彆為1.51（1.15~2.43）、0.43（0.29~1.10）隻/0.11 m2（H=4.28，P<0.001）。蓄水前全省人群和傢畜的血吸蟲平均感染率分彆為1.68%（99482/5935147）和4.62%（13923/301133），人群平均急性感染例數為328例，蓄水後分彆為0.60%（39747/6649380）和1.65%（1291/783224），人群平均急性感染例數為71例。釘螺麵積與最高水位、最高和最低水位差值、豐水期水位均值均呈負相關（r值分彆為-0.514、-0.509和-0.477，P值分彆為0.014、0.015和0.025）；人群血吸蟲感染率與最高水位、最高最低水位差值、豐水期水位均值均呈正相關（r值分彆為0.532、0.587和0.446，P值分彆為0.011、0.004和0.038）；傢畜血吸蟲感染率與最高水位、最高最低水位差值均呈正相關（r值分彆為0.507和0.553，P值分彆為0.016和0.008）；急性血吸蟲感染例數與最高水位、最高最低水位均呈正相關（r值分彆為0.481和0.486，P值分彆為0.023和0.022）。結論三峽工程運行後，長江安徽段水位的變化對釘螺的分佈以及人畜血吸蟲感染產生一定影響，釘螺分佈麵積呈現上升趨勢，釘螺密度、人群和傢畜血吸蟲感染率呈現下降趨勢。三峽工程運行對長江安徽段具有一定的削洪作用，對控製血吸蟲病流行起到積極作用。
목적：분석삼협수리추뉴공정（삼협공정）축수전후안휘성정라분포화장강안휘단수위변화정황，이급이자여혈흡충병전파적상관성。방법수집1991—2012년장강안휘단대통수문참상관수문신식자료，이급동기안휘성혈흡충병병정화라정자료。근거혈흡충병병정，분별추산전성혈흡충병병례수화병축수，계산전성인군화가축혈흡충평균감염솔。비교삼협공정축수전（1991—2002년）후（2003—2012년）정라면적급정라밀도적차이，분석장강안휘단수위여정라면적급혈흡충감염솔적상관성。결과1991—2012년최고수위、최저수위、최고최저수위차、봉수기수위균치、고수기수위균치화봉고수위차치변화폭도분별위11.40~16.30、3.68~5.20、6.70~12.12、9.92~14.40、4.77~7.64화4.13~8.93 m。축수전、후전성정라면적분별위（28613±362）、（29477±918）hm2（t=-3.00，P=0.007），정라밀도적P50（P25~P75）분별위1.51（1.15~2.43）、0.43（0.29~1.10）지/0.11 m2（H=4.28，P<0.001）。축수전전성인군화가축적혈흡충평균감염솔분별위1.68%（99482/5935147）화4.62%（13923/301133），인군평균급성감염례수위328례，축수후분별위0.60%（39747/6649380）화1.65%（1291/783224），인군평균급성감염례수위71례。정라면적여최고수위、최고화최저수위차치、봉수기수위균치균정부상관（r치분별위-0.514、-0.509화-0.477，P치분별위0.014、0.015화0.025）；인군혈흡충감염솔여최고수위、최고최저수위차치、봉수기수위균치균정정상관（r치분별위0.532、0.587화0.446，P치분별위0.011、0.004화0.038）；가축혈흡충감염솔여최고수위、최고최저수위차치균정정상관（r치분별위0.507화0.553，P치분별위0.016화0.008）；급성혈흡충감염례수여최고수위、최고최저수위균정정상관（r치분별위0.481화0.486，P치분별위0.023화0.022）。결론삼협공정운행후，장강안휘단수위적변화대정라적분포이급인축혈흡충감염산생일정영향，정라분포면적정현상승추세，정라밀도、인군화가축혈흡충감염솔정현하강추세。삼협공정운행대장강안휘단구유일정적삭홍작용，대공제혈흡충병류행기도적겁작용。
Objective To investigate the changes of water level and the distribution of snails in Anhui province before and after runs of the Three Gorges Reservoir Project, and to determine the relationship between the two factors and schistosomiasis transmission. Methods The hydrologic data of Datong hydrologic station and the data of snail status and schistosomiasis morbidity in Anhui Province were collected. The data from 1991 to 2002 and 2003 to 2012 were considered as before and after the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir Project. Based on the prevalence of schistosomiasis, the cases of people and cattle were speculated, and the average infection rate of people and cattle were calculated. The t?test was used to compare the difference of snail area and the density of living snails before and after the impoundment of the Three Gorges Project. The pearson method was used to analyze the relationship between water level and snail area. The spearman method was used to analyze the relationship between the water level and the distribution of snails. Results From 1991 to 2012, the range of the highest water level, the lowest water level, the difference between the highest and lowest water level, the mean in the abundant water seasons, the mean in the dry water seasons, and the difference between the abundant water seasons and the dry water seasons was 11.40-16.30,3.68-5.20,6.70-12.12,9.92-14.40,4.77-7.64 and 4.13-8.93 m, respectively. The snail areas was(28 613±362)hm2 and (29 477±918) hm2(t=-3.00,P=0.007), the density of living snails was 1.51(1.15-2.43)and 0.43(0.29-1.10)snails/0.11 m2(H=4.28,P<0.001)before and after the impoundment of the Three Gorges Project, respectively. The average infection rate of people and cattle was 1.68%(99 482/5 935 147)and 4.62%(13 923/3 011 33), and the average number of acute schistosomiasis cases was 328, before the impoundment of the Three Gorges Project; 0.60%(39 747/6 649 380), 1.65%(1 291/783 224)and 71 after the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir Project, respectively. The snail areas had negative correlation with the highest water level, the difference between the highest and lowest water level, the mean in the abundant water seasons(r value was-0.514,-0.509 and-0.477; P value was 0.014,0.015 and 0.025, respectively). The infection rate of people had positive correlation with the highest water level, the difference between the highest and lowest water level, the mean in the abundant water seasons(r value was 0.532, 0.587 and 0.446; P value was 0.011,0.004 and 0.038, respectively).The infection rate of cattle had positive correlation with the highest water level, the difference between the highest and lowest water level(r value was 0.507 and 0.553; P value was 0.016 and 0.008, respectively).The number of acute schistosomiasis cases had positive correlation with the highest water level, the difference between the highest and lowest water level(r value was 0.481 and 0.486;P value was 0.023 and 0.022,respectively). Conclusion Following the runs of the Three Gorges Reservoir Project, the change of water level in the section of Anhui Province affected the distribution of snails and the infection of people and cattle to some extent. The snail areas showed an upward trend, and the density of living snails, the infection rate of people and cattle showed a downward trend. The runs of Three Gorges Reservoir Project has certain role to reduce flood and helpful for schistosomiasis control.
