CAJ | 학술논문

目的综述美国空军飞行人员离心机训练的规章制度,了解其训练方法和管理措施,为完善我军飞行人员离心机训练制度提供借鉴. 资料来源与选择美国空军指令、手册以及国内外该领域相关研究论文、综述和专著. 资料引用引用文献资料共17篇,包括2份美国空军指令、1部美国空军手册、4个不同版本北大西洋公约组织标准化协议、1部专著和9篇论文. 资料综合美国空军指令(Air Force Instruction,AFI) 11-404《高G飞行人员离心机训练》是美国空军组织实施飞行人员离心机训练的核心法规文件,与其配套使用的有AFI 11-403《航空航天生理训练计划》和空军小册子(Air Force Pamphlet,AFPAM) 11-419《飞行人员的G意识》等.离心机训练的主要目的是提高飞行人员在高G环境下正确有效地做抗荷动作的技能,从而提高G耐力.美国空军依据飞机性能及不同飞行训练阶段的要求对不同机型的飞行人员实施针对性的离心机训练,确保其G耐力达到相应机型的性能要求.AFI 11-404规定了5种训练类型和具体要求,设置了5种不同的离心机G暴露模式,建立了G耐力训练标准,明确了不合格者和特许飞行的处理方法和程序,指定了授权批准的训练机构.美国空军离心机训练制度的主要特点为:①离心机初次训练安排在飞行学员训练阶段;②G耐力训练标准以满足飞机机动性能要求为前提,机型不同,标准不同;③重视飞行教官的理论培训和训练. 结论美国空军飞行人员离心机训练制度比较完善.AFI 11-404和AFI 11-403是美国空军组织实施飞行人员离心机训练的主要依据.圆满完成离心机训练是获得驾驶战斗机资格的前提条件.
목적 종술미국공군비행인원리심궤훈련적규장제도,료해기훈련방법화관리조시,위완선아군비행인원리심궤훈련제도제공차감. 자료래원여선택 미국공군지령、수책이급국내외해영역상관연구논문、종술화전저. 자료인용 인용문헌자료공17편,포괄2빈미국공군지령、1부미국공군수책、4개불동판본북대서양공약조직표준화협의、1부전저화9편논문. 자료종합 미국공군지령(Air Force Instruction,AFI) 11-404《고G비행인원리심궤훈련》시미국공군조직실시비행인원리심궤훈련적핵심법규문건,여기배투사용적유AFI 11-403《항공항천생리훈련계화》화공군소책자(Air Force Pamphlet,AFPAM) 11-419《비행인원적G의식》등.리심궤훈련적주요목적시제고비행인원재고G배경하정학유효지주항하동작적기능,종이제고G내력.미국공군의거비궤성능급불동비행훈련계단적요구대불동궤형적비행인원실시침대성적리심궤훈련,학보기G내력체도상응궤형적성능요구.AFI 11-404규정료5충훈련류형화구체요구,설치료5충불동적리심궤G폭로모식,건립료G내력훈련표준,명학료불합격자화특허비행적처리방법화정서,지정료수권비준적훈련궤구.미국공군리심궤훈련제도적주요특점위:①리심궤초차훈련안배재비행학원훈련계단;②G내력훈련표준이만족비궤궤동성능요구위전제,궤형불동,표준불동;③중시비행교관적이론배훈화훈련. 결론 미국공군비행인원리심궤훈련제도비교완선.AFI 11-404화AFI 11-403시미국공군조직실시비행인원리심궤훈련적주요의거.원만완성리심궤훈련시획득가사전두궤자격적전제조건.
Objective To review the United States Air Force regulations on the centrifuge training for aircrew and know its training method,rules and management.It may provide available reference for improving our aircrew centrifuge training regulations.Literature resource and selection United States Air Force Instructions (AFI),Air Force Pamphlet (AFPAM) and research papers,reviews and monograph published in China and aboard.Literature quotation Two United States Air Force Instructions,one United States Air Force Pamphlet,one monograph,four different versions of North Atlantic Treaty Organization Standardization Agreements (STANAG) and nine papers were cited.Literature synthesis United States Air Force Instruction (AFI) 11-404,Centrifuge Training for High-G Aircrew,is the core regulation for conducting high G centrifuge training of aircrew,and is compatibly applied with AFI 11-403,Aerospace Physiological Training Program,and Air Force Pamphlet (AFPAM) 11-419,G-awareness for Aircrew.The main purpose of aircrew centrifuge training is to enhance aircrew's skills and capability of correctly performing an effective anti-G straining maneuver under high G-stress so that to increase G tolerance.United States Air Force conducts pertinent training for different kinds of fighter aircrew according to requirements of fighter performances and for different phase of flying training so as to insure the G tolerance could meet the requirements of different kinds of fighter.AFI 11-404 defines five types of centrifuge training and requirements,and five kinds of centrifuge ride G profiles.It has established G tolerance standards for aircrew training,dictated the procedures for handling of non-completion training program and waivers,designated the authority of centrifuge training facilities.It's major features are:①The initial training is arranged during the phase of pilot student training;② Meeting the fighter maneuverability requirements is the prerequisite for establishment of G tolerance standards,different fighter types correspond to different standards;③Attaching importance to academic instruction and centrifuge training for pilot instructor.Conclusions United States Air Force has relatively complete regulations on centrifuge training for aircrew.AFI 11-404 and AFI 11-403 are the fundamental regulations on centrifuge training for United States Air Force aircrew.Successful completion of centrifuge training program is the prerequisite of qualification for United States Air Force fighter pilot.