CAJ | 학술논문

基于摩擦缓冲器冲击试验数据建立缓冲器多段线性模型，利用附加黏滞摩擦力和附加阻尼力进行理论修正，构建缓冲器多段线性修正模型，利用车辆冲击仿真及反映列车运行工况的三角函数位移激励对缓冲器多段线性修正模型进行验证和分析。计算结果表明：缓冲器多段线性修正模型较常规多段线性模型更接近冲击试验结果；转换速度及外部位移激励的频率会对车钩力尖峰阶段产生影响，转换速度越大或者外部频率越小，车钩力越先进入尖峰阶段，形成的磁滞环就越大，消耗的车辆振动能量越多，后续的车钩力和车辆相对位移就会越小；附加黏滞摩擦力较好地模拟了缓冲器特性曲线的尖峰现象，等效摩擦系数越大，附加黏滞摩擦力越大，车钩力也越大；附加阻尼和车体刚度的共同作用使缓冲器加载曲线与卸载曲线之间平稳过渡，在附加阻尼的修正下，即使缓冲器处于过渡曲线上遇到往复加载和卸载载荷，缓冲器也能形成磁滞耗能环，亦能耗散车辆之间的振动能量。
기우마찰완충기충격시험수거건립완충기다단선성모형，이용부가점체마찰력화부가조니력진행이론수정，구건완충기다단선성수정모형，이용차량충격방진급반영열차운행공황적삼각함수위이격려대완충기다단선성수정모형진행험증화분석。계산결과표명：완충기다단선성수정모형교상규다단선성모형경접근충격시험결과；전환속도급외부위이격려적빈솔회대차구력첨봉계단산생영향，전환속도월대혹자외부빈솔월소，차구력월선진입첨봉계단，형성적자체배취월대，소모적차량진동능량월다，후속적차구력화차량상대위이취회월소；부가점체마찰력교호지모의료완충기특성곡선적첨봉현상，등효마찰계수월대，부가점체마찰력월대，차구력야월대；부가조니화차체강도적공동작용사완충기가재곡선여사재곡선지간평은과도，재부가조니적수정하，즉사완충기처우과도곡선상우도왕복가재화사재재하，완충기야능형성자체모능배，역능모산차량지간적진동능량。
Piecewise linear model for friction draft gear was built based on the friction draft gear impact test da‐ta .The piecewise linear modification model was built after theoretical modification was made with the addition‐al viscous friction force and the additional damping force .The vehicle impact simulation and vehicle relative dis‐placement excitation described by trigonometric function which reflected train operation conditions were used to verify and analyze the piecewise linear modification model .The results indicated as follows :The simulation of modified piecewise linear model was closer to the results of the impact test than the conventional piecewise line‐ar model .Transition velocity from kinetic to static friction and the external displacement excitation frequency had an effect on the nonlinear peak of coupler force . Higher transition velocity or lower external frequency caused the coupler force to switch to the nonlinear peak more quickly ,and to produce larger hysteresis loop , more vibration energy and smaller subsequent coupler force and relative displacement .The additional viscous friction force simulated the nonlinear peak of the characteristic curve of the draft gear well .The larger equiva‐lent friction coefficient led to a larger additional viscous friction force and coupler force .The combined effects of the additional damping and vehicle structure stiffness resulted in smooth transition between loading curve and unloading curve of the draft gear .Under the modification of additional damping ,the draft gear formed a hyster‐esis loop even if the draft gear suffered loading and unloading on the intermediate curve ,and dissipated the vi‐bration energy between the vehicles .