CAJ | 학술논문

为探索化学杀菌剂的施用与残留对木霉菌厚垣孢子制剂的影响，采用孢子萌发抑制法和菌丝生长速率法研究7种常用化学杀菌剂对2株生防木霉菌哈茨木霉610（T. harzianum 610）和长枝木霉758（T. longibrachiatum 758）厚垣孢子萌发和菌丝生长的影响。结果显示，多菌灵、戊唑醇、苯醚甲环唑的抑制作用较强，五氯硝基苯、甲霜灵的抑制作用较弱，福美双、萎锈灵的抑制作用中等。木霉菌菌丝生长比厚垣孢子萌发对杀菌剂更加敏感。7种杀菌剂对610孢子萌发的抑制作用比758强，但多数杀菌剂对610菌丝生长的抑制作用则比758弱。98%多菌灵对610厚垣孢子萌发和菌丝生长的抑制作用最强，70%五氯硝基苯的抑制作用最弱。98%多菌灵对758厚垣孢子萌发的抑制作用最强，甲霜灵的抑制作用最弱。96.2%戊唑醇对758菌丝生长的抑制作用最强，95%甲霜灵的抑制作用最弱。结合各杀菌剂的使用浓度，施用木霉菌610和758厚垣孢子制剂防治病害时，不能与多菌灵、戊唑醇、福美双与萎锈灵结合使用，并且上述4种农药残留可能影响木霉菌剂的防效，可与五氯硝基苯、苯醚甲环唑结合使用。758厚垣孢子制剂可与甲霜灵结合使用，610孢子萌发后可与甲霜灵结合使用。五氯硝基苯、苯醚甲环唑、甲霜灵的农药残留对木霉菌剂的影响不大。
위탐색화학살균제적시용여잔류대목매균후원포자제제적영향，채용포자맹발억제법화균사생장속솔법연구7충상용화학살균제대2주생방목매균합자목매610（T. harzianum 610）화장지목매758（T. longibrachiatum 758）후원포자맹발화균사생장적영향。결과현시，다균령、무서순、분미갑배서적억제작용교강，오록초기분、갑상령적억제작용교약，복미쌍、위수령적억제작용중등。목매균균사생장비후원포자맹발대살균제경가민감。7충살균제대610포자맹발적억제작용비758강，단다수살균제대610균사생장적억제작용칙비758약。98%다균령대610후원포자맹발화균사생장적억제작용최강，70%오록초기분적억제작용최약。98%다균령대758후원포자맹발적억제작용최강，갑상령적억제작용최약。96.2%무서순대758균사생장적억제작용최강，95%갑상령적억제작용최약。결합각살균제적사용농도，시용목매균610화758후원포자제제방치병해시，불능여다균령、무서순、복미쌍여위수령결합사용，병차상술4충농약잔류가능영향목매균제적방효，가여오록초기분、분미갑배서결합사용。758후원포자제제가여갑상령결합사용，610포자맹발후가여갑상령결합사용。오록초기분、분미갑배서、갑상령적농약잔류대목매균제적영향불대。
For exploring the influences of application and residue of chemical fungi-cides on chlamydospore preparations of Trichoderma spp., the effects of seven chemical fungicides on chlamydospore germination and mycelia growth of two bio-control fungi T. harzianum 610 and T. longibrachiatum 758 were studied. Carben-dazim, tebuconazole and difenoconazole showed strong toxicities, thiram and car-boxin showed moderate toxicities, pentachloronitrobenzene and metalaxyl showed weak toxicities to the tested two strains. Mycelia growth of the two strains was more sensitive to most tested fungicides than those of chlamydospore germination. Chlamydospore germination of 610 was more sensitive to tested fungicides than those of 758, and mycelia growth of 758 was more sensitive to most tested fungi-cides than those of 610. Among the seven fungicides, 98% carbendazim had the strongest effects (EC50 values were 1.64 and 0.05 μg/ml), and 70% pentachloroni-trobenzene had the weakest effects (EC50 values were 1.64 and 0.05 μg/ml) for chlamydospore germination and mycelia growth of 610. As for 758, 98% carbendaz-im had the strongest inhibitory effects and 95% metalaxyl had the weakest inhibitory for chlamydospore germination of 758 (EC50 values were 0.62 and 1 108.61 μg/ml respectively), whereas 96.2% tebuconazole showed the strongest inhibitory effects for mycelia growth of 758 (EC50 value was 0.32 μg/ml), and 95% metalaxyl was the weakest (EC50 value was 1 206.29 μg/ml). According to the applied concentration of different fungicides in practice, we concluded that chlamydospore preparations of 610 and 758 could not be combined with carbendazim, tebuconazole, thiram and carboxin for control ing plant diseases, and the pesticide residues to the biocontrol effects should be kept in mind. Chlamydospore preparations of 610 and 758 can be combined with pentachloronitrobenzene and difenoconazole for control ing plant dis-eases, 758 chlamydospore preparations and germinated chlamydospore of 610 can be combined with metalaxyl for control ing plant diseases, and pesticide residue risk was not serious.