农业科学与技术（英文版）
農業科學與技術（英文版）
농업과학여기술（영문판）
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
2015年
7期
1440-1446
,共7页
氮肥%玉米%氮效率%籽粒灌浆%籽粒发育
氮肥%玉米%氮效率%籽粒灌漿%籽粒髮育
담비%옥미%담효솔%자립관장%자립발육
Nitrogen fertilizer%Maize%Nitrogen efficiency%Grain fil ing%Grain develop-ment
不同的玉米品种在吸收利用氮效率方面存在着显著差异，因此确定不同品种玉米的氮效率很有必要。玉米施氮后的生长效果可以在籽粒灌浆期表现出来。很多学者在对于相同的施氮条件下不同玉米品种间的灌浆特性差异方面做出了不少研究，然而对于不同施氮条件下的灌浆特性差异却鲜有报道。本试验通过观察玉米灌浆动态，旨在确定不同玉米品种氮效率差异的基础上，比较品种间的灌浆特性差异。试验于2013年5月1日～10月7日进行，在大田条件下，以‘屯玉99’、‘潞玉19’、‘潞玉19’为材料，对不同供氮水平 N0、N1、N2（施纯氮量分别为0、140、210 kg/hm2）下春玉米顶部、中下部籽粒的灌浆动态进行研究。结果表明，‘屯玉99’籽粒鲜重、干重表现为 N2＞N1＞N0，‘潞玉19’表现为 N1＞N2＞N0，‘潞玉19’表现为施氮（N1、N2）＞无氮（N0），其中 N1、 N2间差别不大。 N1条件下的‘潞玉19’发育优势最为显著，其次是 N2条件下的‘屯玉99’，N1、N2条件下的‘潞玉19’优势最不明显。施氮对顶部籽粒发育的促进作用明显高于中下部籽粒。
不同的玉米品種在吸收利用氮效率方麵存在著顯著差異，因此確定不同品種玉米的氮效率很有必要。玉米施氮後的生長效果可以在籽粒灌漿期錶現齣來。很多學者在對于相同的施氮條件下不同玉米品種間的灌漿特性差異方麵做齣瞭不少研究，然而對于不同施氮條件下的灌漿特性差異卻鮮有報道。本試驗通過觀察玉米灌漿動態，旨在確定不同玉米品種氮效率差異的基礎上，比較品種間的灌漿特性差異。試驗于2013年5月1日～10月7日進行，在大田條件下，以‘屯玉99’、‘潞玉19’、‘潞玉19’為材料，對不同供氮水平 N0、N1、N2（施純氮量分彆為0、140、210 kg/hm2）下春玉米頂部、中下部籽粒的灌漿動態進行研究。結果錶明，‘屯玉99’籽粒鮮重、榦重錶現為 N2＞N1＞N0，‘潞玉19’錶現為 N1＞N2＞N0，‘潞玉19’錶現為施氮（N1、N2）＞無氮（N0），其中 N1、 N2間差彆不大。 N1條件下的‘潞玉19’髮育優勢最為顯著，其次是 N2條件下的‘屯玉99’，N1、N2條件下的‘潞玉19’優勢最不明顯。施氮對頂部籽粒髮育的促進作用明顯高于中下部籽粒。
불동적옥미품충재흡수이용담효솔방면존재착현저차이，인차학정불동품충옥미적담효솔흔유필요。옥미시담후적생장효과가이재자립관장기표현출래。흔다학자재대우상동적시담조건하불동옥미품충간적관장특성차이방면주출료불소연구，연이대우불동시담조건하적관장특성차이각선유보도。본시험통과관찰옥미관장동태，지재학정불동옥미품충담효솔차이적기출상，비교품충간적관장특성차이。시험우2013년5월1일～10월7일진행，재대전조건하，이‘둔옥99’、‘로옥19’、‘로옥19’위재료，대불동공담수평 N0、N1、N2（시순담량분별위0、140、210 kg/hm2）하춘옥미정부、중하부자립적관장동태진행연구。결과표명，‘둔옥99’자립선중、간중표현위 N2＞N1＞N0，‘로옥19’표현위 N1＞N2＞N0，‘로옥19’표현위시담（N1、N2）＞무담（N0），기중 N1、 N2간차별불대。 N1조건하적‘로옥19’발육우세최위현저，기차시 N2조건하적‘둔옥99’，N1、N2조건하적‘로옥19’우세최불명현。시담대정부자립발육적촉진작용명현고우중하부자립。
There are significant differences in nitrogen absorption and utilization effi-ciency among different maize varieties. So it is very essential to determine nitrogen efficiencies of different maize varieties. The effect of nitrogen application on maize growth can be reflected at the grain fil ing stage. Many scholars have researched the differences in grain fil ing characteristics among different maize varieties under the same nitrogen application conditions, but there are rare reports on the differ-ences under different nitrogen application conditions. ln this study, the grain fil ing dynamics of maize were observed so as to determine the differences in nitrogen efficiency and to further compare the differences in grain fil ing characteristics a-mong different maize varieties. The test was carried out with Tunyu 99, Luyu 19 and Xianyu 335 as the materials during May 1st to October 7th, 2013. Under the nitrogen application levels of N0 (0 kg/hm2 of pure nitrogen), N1 (140 kg/hm2 of pure nitrogen) and N2 (210 kg/hm2 of pure nitrogen), the fil ing dynamics of upper-and middle- lower-part grains of spring maize were studied. The results showed that among the three nitrogen application level, the grain fresh weight and dry weight of Tunyu 99 ranked as N2>N1>N0; the grain fresh weight and dry weight of Luyu 19 ranked as N1>N2>N0; the grain fresh weight and dry weight of Xianyu 335 ranked as (N1, N2)>N0, and there was no significant difference between N1 and N2. Un-der the nitrogen application level of N1, Luyu 19 showed the best growth; under the nitrogen application level of N2, Tunyu 99 showed the best growth. The growth ad-vantage of Xianyu 335 was unobvious under neither N1 nor N2 nitrogen application levels. The development-promoting effect of nitrogen application was more obvious in upper-part grains than that in middle-lower-part grains.
