水利学报
水利學報
수리학보
2015年
7期
869-876
,共8页
河流%鱼卵运动%水力学
河流%魚卵運動%水力學
하류%어란운동%수역학
river%fish eggs’movement%hydraulics
鱼卵输移运动是鱼类早期发育的重要阶段，关系着鱼类卵苗孵化与资源补充。鱼卵运动规律研究对鱼类早期资源量估算、鱼类产卵场修复、生态措施效果评价和鱼类资源保护等工作都至关重要。本文以中华鲟和四大家鱼鱼卵为代表，总结了鱼卵运动的主要影响因素包括鱼卵物理生物特性、地形因素和水动力因素，并着重从水力学角度综述了这些方面的相关研究成果。在此基础之上，介绍了鱼卵运动研究主要是通过野外鱼卵调查和标志物放流试验、室内水槽试验和数值模拟等研究方法和手段。同时指出，目前鱼卵运动研究多阐明现象，未说明机理，迫切需要机理性的室内试验来揭示鱼卵运动的规律和影响机制；在数值模拟方面需考虑鱼卵运动的维度和尺度问题，并合理概化鱼卵生态属性；在学科交叉方面，可借鉴泥沙颗粒运动的相关研究方法，将鱼类生态学与水力学、河流动力学等学科交叉融合。
魚卵輸移運動是魚類早期髮育的重要階段，關繫著魚類卵苗孵化與資源補充。魚卵運動規律研究對魚類早期資源量估算、魚類產卵場脩複、生態措施效果評價和魚類資源保護等工作都至關重要。本文以中華鱘和四大傢魚魚卵為代錶，總結瞭魚卵運動的主要影響因素包括魚卵物理生物特性、地形因素和水動力因素，併著重從水力學角度綜述瞭這些方麵的相關研究成果。在此基礎之上，介紹瞭魚卵運動研究主要是通過野外魚卵調查和標誌物放流試驗、室內水槽試驗和數值模擬等研究方法和手段。同時指齣，目前魚卵運動研究多闡明現象，未說明機理，迫切需要機理性的室內試驗來揭示魚卵運動的規律和影響機製；在數值模擬方麵需攷慮魚卵運動的維度和呎度問題，併閤理概化魚卵生態屬性；在學科交扠方麵，可藉鑒泥沙顆粒運動的相關研究方法，將魚類生態學與水力學、河流動力學等學科交扠融閤。
어란수이운동시어류조기발육적중요계단，관계착어류란묘부화여자원보충。어란운동규률연구대어류조기자원량고산、어류산란장수복、생태조시효과평개화어류자원보호등공작도지관중요。본문이중화심화사대가어어란위대표，총결료어란운동적주요영향인소포괄어란물리생물특성、지형인소화수동력인소，병착중종수역학각도종술료저사방면적상관연구성과。재차기출지상，개소료어란운동연구주요시통과야외어란조사화표지물방류시험、실내수조시험화수치모의등연구방법화수단。동시지출，목전어란운동연구다천명현상，미설명궤리，박절수요궤이성적실내시험래게시어란운동적규률화영향궤제；재수치모의방면수고필어란운동적유도화척도문제，병합리개화어란생태속성；재학과교차방면，가차감니사과립운동적상관연구방법，장어류생태학여수역학、하류동역학등학과교차융합。
The transport of fish eggs is an important stage in its early ontogeny, which relates to hatching success and population recruitment. An understanding of the eggs’ movement has the potential to obtain a better estimation of egg abundance,guide the rehabilitation of spawn grounds,evaluate the effect of ecologi?cal measures and create strategies for protecting fish resources. Taking eggs of Chinese sturgeon and four major Chinese carps for examples, this paper summarized the main influence factors of eggs’ movement and reviewed the relevant research methods and results from hydraulic aspect. The influence factors includ?ed the eggs’ physical and biological characteristics, river morphology and hydrodynamic conditions. The main research methods included survey on fish early stage of ontogeny, drifting experiment with tracers, flume experiment and numerical simulation. Meanwhile, this paper pointed out that most of the researches on eggs’movement only showed the phenomenon,but did not explain the reason or mechanism for the phe?nomenon. It should be necessary to carry out more flume experiments to reveal the principle of eggs’move?ment and the influence mechanism. In simulation of eggs’ movement, the dimension and scale problem should be well concerned. It is also of importance to reasonably generalize the ecological characteristics of fish eggs for the simulation of eggs’evolution and movement. The eggs’movement is a multidisciplinary re?search. So,how to use the method of sediment movement and integrate the fish ecology,hydraulics and riv?er dynamics will be the direction of future research.
