CAJ | 학술논문

目的：评价小学生营养午餐中各类食物及营养素的实际摄入情况，为营养午餐的相关政策制定提供依据。方法采用典型抽样的方法，于北京市丰台区选取4所中等规模、提供营养午餐的小学，共调查2663人。采用膳食分析软件分析学校营养午餐食谱的营养素供给量，包括能量、蛋白质、钙、铁、锌、维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素C，并与《学生营养午餐营养供给量（WS／T 100-1998）》（以下简称标准）及《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量（2013版）》比较；根据学生午餐剩余情况，估算学生午餐各类食物的实际摄入情况，以及午餐主要营养素和能量的实际摄入量。以实际摄入量达到供给量标准的80％以及达到膳食营养素参考摄入量（ DRIs）中推荐摄入量（ RNI）的32％视为达标。结果受调查小学生中，6～8岁1131人，9～11岁1230人，12～15岁302人。相比标准，6～8岁谷类食物的供给量超过标准量，奶类供给为0，各年龄动物性食品的供给量均超过标准量，大豆及其制品、蔬菜类供给量均不足；能量、蛋白质、钙、维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B2和维生素C均供给不足。6～8岁和9～11岁谷类、动物性食品实际摄入量均超过标准量，大豆及其制品、蔬菜类实际摄入量不足；12～15岁谷类、动物性食品、大豆及其制品、蔬菜类实际摄入量均不足。不同年龄段谷类、动物性食品、大豆及其制品、蔬菜类实际摄入量达标率比较，差异均有统计学意义（ P＜0.001）；其中6～8岁各类食物实际摄入量达标率均高于9～11岁和12～15岁；9～11岁谷类、动物性食品、大豆及其制品实际摄入量达标率均高于12～15岁（ P＜0.05）。6～8岁铁、维生素C实际摄入量超过标准量；能量、蛋白质、钙、锌、维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B2实际摄入量均不足；9～11岁和12～15岁各类营养素实际摄入量均不足。不同年龄段能量、蛋白质、铁、锌、维生素A、维生素C实际摄入量达标率比较，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；其中6～8岁能量、蛋白质、铁、锌、维生素C实际摄入量达标率均高于9～11岁和12～15岁；9～11岁蛋白质、铁、维生素C实际摄入量达标率均高于12～15岁（P＜0.05）。各年龄蛋白质、铁、锌、维生素A实际摄入量均超过DRIs中的平均需要量（EAR），而能量、钙、维生素B1、维生素B2实际摄入量均不足。结论学生营养午餐的实际摄入量未能很好地达到标准及《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量（2013版）》的推荐标准，尤以12～15岁的学生显著。建议在政策制定时加强对供餐公司的监管力度，提高营养午餐的质量，同时学校应增加相关知识教育。目的：評價小學生營養午餐中各類食物及營養素的實際攝入情況，為營養午餐的相關政策製定提供依據。方法採用典型抽樣的方法，于北京市豐檯區選取4所中等規模、提供營養午餐的小學，共調查2663人。採用膳食分析軟件分析學校營養午餐食譜的營養素供給量，包括能量、蛋白質、鈣、鐵、鋅、維生素A、維生素B1、維生素B2、維生素C，併與《學生營養午餐營養供給量（WS／T 100-1998）》（以下簡稱標準）及《中國居民膳食營養素參攷攝入量（2013版）》比較；根據學生午餐剩餘情況，估算學生午餐各類食物的實際攝入情況，以及午餐主要營養素和能量的實際攝入量。以實際攝入量達到供給量標準的80％以及達到膳食營養素參攷攝入量（ DRIs）中推薦攝入量（ RNI）的32％視為達標。結果受調查小學生中，6～8歲1131人，9～11歲1230人，12～15歲302人。相比標準，6～8歲穀類食物的供給量超過標準量，奶類供給為0，各年齡動物性食品的供給量均超過標準量，大豆及其製品、蔬菜類供給量均不足；能量、蛋白質、鈣、維生素A、維生素B1、維生素B2和維生素C均供給不足。6～8歲和9～11歲穀類、動物性食品實際攝入量均超過標準量，大豆及其製品、蔬菜類實際攝入量不足；12～15歲穀類、動物性食品、大豆及其製品、蔬菜類實際攝入量均不足。不同年齡段穀類、動物性食品、大豆及其製品、蔬菜類實際攝入量達標率比較，差異均有統計學意義（ P＜0.001）；其中6～8歲各類食物實際攝入量達標率均高于9～11歲和12～15歲；9～11歲穀類、動物性食品、大豆及其製品實際攝入量達標率均高于12～15歲（ P＜0.05）。6～8歲鐵、維生素C實際攝入量超過標準量；能量、蛋白質、鈣、鋅、維生素A、維生素B1、維生素B2實際攝入量均不足；9～11歲和12～15歲各類營養素實際攝入量均不足。不同年齡段能量、蛋白質、鐵、鋅、維生素A、維生素C實際攝入量達標率比較，差異均有統計學意義（P＜0.05）；其中6～8歲能量、蛋白質、鐵、鋅、維生素C實際攝入量達標率均高于9～11歲和12～15歲；9～11歲蛋白質、鐵、維生素C實際攝入量達標率均高于12～15歲（P＜0.05）。各年齡蛋白質、鐵、鋅、維生素A實際攝入量均超過DRIs中的平均需要量（EAR），而能量、鈣、維生素B1、維生素B2實際攝入量均不足。結論學生營養午餐的實際攝入量未能很好地達到標準及《中國居民膳食營養素參攷攝入量（2013版）》的推薦標準，尤以12～15歲的學生顯著。建議在政策製定時加彊對供餐公司的鑑管力度，提高營養午餐的質量，同時學校應增加相關知識教育。
목적：평개소학생영양오찬중각류식물급영양소적실제섭입정황，위영양오찬적상관정책제정제공의거。방법채용전형추양적방법，우북경시봉태구선취4소중등규모、제공영양오찬적소학，공조사2663인。채용선식분석연건분석학교영양오찬식보적영양소공급량，포괄능량、단백질、개、철、자、유생소A、유생소B1、유생소B2、유생소C，병여《학생영양오찬영양공급량（WS／T 100-1998）》（이하간칭표준）급《중국거민선식영양소삼고섭입량（2013판）》비교；근거학생오찬잉여정황，고산학생오찬각류식물적실제섭입정황，이급오찬주요영양소화능량적실제섭입량。이실제섭입량체도공급량표준적80％이급체도선식영양소삼고섭입량（ DRIs）중추천섭입량（ RNI）적32％시위체표。결과수조사소학생중，6～8세1131인，9～11세1230인，12～15세302인。상비표준，6～8세곡류식물적공급량초과표준량，내류공급위0，각년령동물성식품적공급량균초과표준량，대두급기제품、소채류공급량균불족；능량、단백질、개、유생소A、유생소B1、유생소B2화유생소C균공급불족。6～8세화9～11세곡류、동물성식품실제섭입량균초과표준량，대두급기제품、소채류실제섭입량불족；12～15세곡류、동물성식품、대두급기제품、소채류실제섭입량균불족。불동년령단곡류、동물성식품、대두급기제품、소채류실제섭입량체표솔비교，차이균유통계학의의（ P＜0.001）；기중6～8세각류식물실제섭입량체표솔균고우9～11세화12～15세；9～11세곡류、동물성식품、대두급기제품실제섭입량체표솔균고우12～15세（ P＜0.05）。6～8세철、유생소C실제섭입량초과표준량；능량、단백질、개、자、유생소A、유생소B1、유생소B2실제섭입량균불족；9～11세화12～15세각류영양소실제섭입량균불족。불동년령단능량、단백질、철、자、유생소A、유생소C실제섭입량체표솔비교，차이균유통계학의의（P＜0.05）；기중6～8세능량、단백질、철、자、유생소C실제섭입량체표솔균고우9～11세화12～15세；9～11세단백질、철、유생소C실제섭입량체표솔균고우12～15세（P＜0.05）。각년령단백질、철、자、유생소A실제섭입량균초과DRIs중적평균수요량（EAR），이능량、개、유생소B1、유생소B2실제섭입량균불족。결론학생영양오찬적실제섭입량미능흔호지체도표준급《중국거민선식영양소삼고섭입량（2013판）》적추천표준，우이12～15세적학생현저。건의재정책제정시가강대공찬공사적감관력도，제고영양오찬적질량，동시학교응증가상관지식교육。
Objective To evaluate the actual intake of various kinds of food and nutrients from nutrition lunch among primary school students , in order to provide evidence for the formulation of relevant policies . Methods By using typical sampling methods , four middle-sized primary schools in Fengtai District of Beijing that offered nutrition lunch were selected .A total of 2 663 students were included .Using diet analysis software , the nutrient supply by nutrition lunch was evaluated , including energy, protein, calcium, ferrum, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2 and vitamin C.The evaluation results were compared with WS/T 100-1998 and 2013 Chinese DRIs.Based on the condition of lunch leftovers , we estimated the actual intake of various kinds of food from lunch and the actual intake of major nutrients and energy from lunch .We considered the case where actual intake reached 80% of WS/T 100 -1998 and 32% of RNI as reaching our standard . Results Survey in the primary school students , including 1 131 aged 6-8, 1 230 aged 9 -11, 302 aged 12-15.For the 6 -8 age group, the supply of cereal exceeded the standard , and dairy product supply was 0; for all age groups , the supply of animal food exceeded the standard, soybean, soybean products and vegetables were all in short supply , and energy, protein, calcium, vitamin A, vitamin B1 and vitamin B2 and vitamin C were all in short supply.For the 6-8 age group and the 9-11 age group, the actual intakes of cereal and animal food exceeded the standard , while the actual intakes of soybean , soybean products and vegetable were inadequate; for 12-15 age group, the actual intakes of cereal , animal food, soybean, soybean product and vegetable were inadequate.For the actual intake of cereal , animal food, soybean, soybean products and vegetables , significant differences were noted in the rate of reaching standard among different age groups (P<0.001); the 6-8 age group was higher than the 9-11 age group and the 12-15 age group in the rate of the actual intakes of cereal , animal food , soybean and soybean product of food reaching standard; the 9-11 age group was higher than the 12-15 age group in the rate of the actual intakes of various kinds of food reaching standard (P<0.05).For the 6-8 age group, the actual intakes of vitamin C exceeded the standard , while the actual intakes of energy , protein, calcium, zinc, vitamin A and vitamin B1 and vitamin B2 were inadequate; for the 9-11 age group and 12 -15 age group, the actual intake was inadequate for all kinds of nutrients we studied .There were significant differences in the actual intakes of energy , protein, ferrum, zinc, vitamin A and vitamin C among different age groups (P<0.05); the 6-8 age group was higher than the 9-11 group and the 12-15 group in the rate of actual intakes of energy, protein, ferrum, zinc and vitamin C reaching standard; the 9-11 age group was higher than the 12-15 age group in the actual intakes of protein , ferrum and vitamin C (P<0.05).In all age groups, the actual intakes of protein , ferrum, zinc and vitamin A exceeded the average requirement ( EAR) of DRIs, while the actual intakes of energy , calcium, vitamin B1 , Vitamin B2 were all inadequate .Conclusion The actual intake of students from nutrition lunch failed to reach WS /T 100-1998 standard and the reference standard in 2013 Chinese DRIs, especially for the students aged 12 to 15.We suggest policymakers strengthen supervision on lunch supply companies and improve the quality of nutrition lunch and schools promote the education of relevant knowledge .