CAJ | 학술논문

干旱扬黄灌区田间灌溉过程的水盐运移具有独特性。选取甘肃景电灌区的典型试验点，构建基于HYDRUS－2D软件的土壤水盐运移模拟模型，模拟了间歇性定额灌水－蒸散发条件下饱和－非饱和土壤盐分的运移过程。结果表明，经过两次灌水－蒸散发循环试验，各试验点耕作层土壤平均含盐量均大幅下降，土壤盐分缓慢下移，耕作层土壤脱盐趋势明显。各试验点耕作层土壤在灌水压盐及蒸散发返盐双重作用下，交替发生了脱盐和积盐现象。灌溉和蒸散发是影响干旱扬黄灌区田间土壤水盐运移的重要因素。灌水定额取4000～6000 m3／hm2的土壤脱盐效率较高，且首轮灌溉使田间0～100 cm土层含水率达到饱和、后几轮灌溉逐步增加灌水量的灌溉方案更有利于排出田间土壤盐分。
간한양황관구전간관개과정적수염운이구유독특성。선취감숙경전관구적전형시험점，구건기우HYDRUS－2D연건적토양수염운이모의모형，모의료간헐성정액관수－증산발조건하포화－비포화토양염분적운이과정。결과표명，경과량차관수－증산발순배시험，각시험점경작층토양평균함염량균대폭하강，토양염분완만하이，경작층토양탈염추세명현。각시험점경작층토양재관수압염급증산발반염쌍중작용하，교체발생료탈염화적염현상。관개화증산발시영향간한양황관구전간토양수염운이적중요인소。관수정액취4000～6000 m3／hm2적토양탈염효솔교고，차수륜관개사전간0～100 cm토층함수솔체도포화、후궤륜관개축보증가관수량적관개방안경유리우배출전간토양염분。
The dynamic of water and soil movement is unique in the process of irrigation in the Yellow River pumping-irrigation arid area. Typical test points had been selected to build the water and salt movement model based on HYDRUS-2D in Jingtai electrical irrigation region in Gansu Province,which could simulate saturated and unsaturated soil salt transportation under the conditions of quantifying irrigation and e-vapotranspiration intermittently. The results show that the average soil salt contents of plough layer have decreased significantly in all experi-mental places after two cyclic tests of irrigation and evapotranspiration,the soil salt peak has slow down gradually and soil of plough layer has obvious desalination trend. The disalination and salt-accumulation have occurred alternately in depth of plough layer in all test points under the dual effect of irrigation and evapotranspiration. It is irrigation and evapotranspiration that are the significant influencing factors of soil wa-ter movement and salt transfer in arid irrigated district. Desalinization efficiency is relatively high when irrigation quota has gain of 4 000-6 000 m3/hm2 ,and the irrigation scheme that the first irrigation amount has been controlled in reaching saturated water content of 0-100 cm soil layer and subsequent irrigation amount has been increased gradually has made the field soil desalt more easily.