CAJ | 학술논문

针对部分分苗装置适应性差、钵体易破损及结构复杂的问题，提出一种输送带式钵苗分苗装置，构建了分苗过程中送苗与分苗阶段的运动学模型，开展了不同挤压方式下的钵体完整性试验，分析得出了输送平稳、钵体完整的条件。结果表明：钵苗在特定基质成份及含水率前提下钵体上边缘最小屈服力为6.8 N，钵体上边缘及侧面受重复挤压力时均有较好的恢复性。钵苗送苗阶段输送平稳性与摩擦系数关系较大，完整性与钵苗自身的屈服力和挤压力有关；钵体在分苗阶段满足完整性前提下，夹持力越大，夹持高度越低，钵苗稳定性越好。分苗合页的动摩擦系数μ1≤0.3375，输送带的动摩擦系数μ2满足0.5μ1＜μ2≤0.3375，钵苗抗挤压破损力大于1.99 N时，油菜钵苗在送苗阶段可平稳输送且保持完整。该研究为油菜钵苗移栽机结构改进提供了参考。
침대부분분묘장치괄응성차、발체역파손급결구복잡적문제，제출일충수송대식발묘분묘장치，구건료분묘과정중송묘여분묘계단적운동학모형，개전료불동제압방식하적발체완정성시험，분석득출료수송평은、발체완정적조건。결과표명：발묘재특정기질성빈급함수솔전제하발체상변연최소굴복력위6.8 N，발체상변연급측면수중복제압력시균유교호적회복성。발묘송묘계단수송평은성여마찰계수관계교대，완정성여발묘자신적굴복력화제압력유관；발체재분묘계단만족완정성전제하，협지력월대，협지고도월저，발묘은정성월호。분묘합혈적동마찰계수μ1≤0.3375，수송대적동마찰계수μ2만족0.5μ1＜μ2≤0.3375，발묘항제압파손력대우1.99 N시，유채발묘재송묘계단가평은수송차보지완정。해연구위유채발묘이재궤결구개진제공료삼고。
Mechanization transplanting for rapeseed pot seedling can alleviate labor intensity of manpower and shorten reviving time of rapeseed pot seedling. Seedling detaching and transplanting are the 2 main processing operations for transplantation. The stability of detaching has an important influence on the transplanting operation, and the pot seedlings should be stable during transporting and kept integrity for better transplanting quality. However, some detaching devices have complicated structure and easily make damage to seedlings. And therefore, in this paper, a conveyor belt type detaching device of rapeseed transplanter for rapeseed pot seedlings was introduced to solve this problem. The process of detaching was analyzed and the kinematics models in the stage of transmission and detaching were established to explore the stability conditions of transporting pot seedlings. The integrity tests of seedling pot were carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties of rapeseed pot seedlings. The TMS-CONSOLE type texture analyzer produced by American FTC company was used for the integrity tests. Results showed that the stability of transportation was obviously affected by the friction coefficient between seedling pot and materials of key devices in the transmission stage. The dynamic friction coefficient (DFC) between pot and detaching hinge was less than 0.3375, and the DFC between pot and conveyor belt ranged from 0.5 of the DFC between pot and detaching hinge to 0.3375. Accordingly, the rapeseed pot seedlings were transported stationarily. The stability of clamped pots in detaching stage was obviously influenced by the clamping force and clamping height. When the clamping height was lower and the clamping force was larger, the clamped pot seedlings were kept stable more easily. The 3 clamped pots were stable without slippage when the clamping force was more than 0.32 N, and would not flip over when the clamped force was more than 1.2 N. Single flat compression, repeated flat compression and repeated line type compression were included in the integrity tests. The results of single flat compression showed that the fracture resistance force of top edge of seedling pot was more than 6.8 N, and thus the pots maintained certain elasticity and restoring ability. The results of repeated flat compression showed that the number of compression did not influence springiness obviously. The condition of seedling pot damage became worse with the increase of the compression number. The results of repeated line type compression showed that the anti-compression force increased with the increase of clamping height. In order to keep the integrity of seedling pot, the anti-compression force applied was more than 1.99 N, and this requirement was easy to satisfy. To keep the integrity of pot in the detaching process, the clamping force should be proper. Bench test was developed to verify the analyzed results. The results of bench test showed that the detaching ratio of the device was greatly influenced by the transmission ratio and the detaching frequency. The detaching ratio was 90%when the detaching frequency was 40 pots per minute and the transmission ratio was 3 times. The experimental observations showed that the seedling pots were not fractured, and the pot medium were not obviously destructed. The qualified ratio of rapeseed pot seedlings in field test was 88.67%, which basically met transplanting requirements. This research provides a reference for the analysis of seedling separation stability of rapeseed transplanter and also for the research on the synchronization between detaching and planting.